Building and Testing a Prototype For CAMEA

CAMEA (Countinuous Angle Multiple Energy Analyser) is a new concept for analysing inelastically scattered neutrons with high efficiency. It contains many (up to 10) vertically focusing analyser arrays behind each other, analysing the scattered neutrons with a given energy by scattering them vertically. Each array analyses different energies (Multiple Energy Analyser). The vertical scattering planes of analysers enable to cover large angular range in the scattering plane (Continuous Angle). Thus CAMEA gives a fast mapping possibilities in the three-dimensional q-E space spanned by the horizontal q-plane and the energy transfer. The large sample-analyser and analyser-detector distances provide clearly geometry limited energy resolution. This geometry combined with analyser crystals with relaxed mosaicity enable to use several detectors next to each other , seeing slightly different take-of angles, thus detecting neutrons with slightly different energies. Thus this concept has the advantages both of geometry limited resolution (high resolution) and mosaicity limited resolution (high analysing efficiency). CAMEA, as a secondary spectrometer can be optimally combined with a time of flight primary spectrometer resulting in an inverse geometry TOF spectrometer. ESS CAMEA is such an instrument proposed to be built at the ESS

V-to-V Coarticulation Induced Acoustic and Articulatory Variability of Vowels: The Effect of Pitch-Accent

In the present study we analyzed vowel variation induced by carryover V-to-V coarticulation under the effect of pitch-accent as a function of vowel quality (using a minimally constrained intervening consonant to maximize V-to-V effects). We tested if /i/ is more resistant to coarticulation than /u/, and if both vowels show increased coarticulatory resistance in pitch-accented syllables. Our approach was unprecedented in the sense that it involved the analysis of parallel acoustic (F2) and articulatory (x-axis dorsum position) data in a great number of speakers (9 speaker), and real words of Hungarian. To analyze the degree of coarticulation, we adopted the locus equation approach, and fitted linear models on vowel onset and midpoint data, and calculated the differences between coarticulated and non-coarticulated vowels in both domains. To measure variability, we calculated standard deviations of midpoint F2 values and dorsum positions. The results showed that accent clearly exerted an effect on the phonetic realization of vowels, but the effect we found was dependent on both the vowel quality, and the domain (articulation/acoustics) at hand. Observation of the patterns we found in parallel acoustic and articulatory data warrants for reconsideration of the term ‘coarticulatory resistance’, and how it should be conceptualized