Reuse of regional residues as substrate for production of seedlings of lettuce cultivares proceeding from non and with pelleted seeds

O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de diferentes cultivares de alface oriundas de sementes não peletizadas e peletizadas, cultivadas em diferentes substratos hortícolas. O experimento foi conduzido sob telado com 50% de sombreamento. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x3x5, referentes à dois tipos de sementes (não peletizadas e peletizadas), três cultivares de alface (‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ e ‘Itapuã 401’) e cinco substratos, sendo eles, substrato comercial (vermiculita); paú de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa); resíduo de carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) + casca de arroz (Oriza sativa); resíduo de carnaúba em pó e resíduo de carnaúba semidecomposto. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Na execução do experimento foram registrados: porcentagem de emergência das plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. Ao término, foram determinados altura da parte aérea das mudas; número de folhas; comprimento da maior raiz; volume de raízes; massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes; estabilidade do torrão; e, área foliar. Sementes peletizadas proporcionam melhor formação e desenvolvimento de mudas de alface. As cultivares ‘Delícia’, ‘Babá de Verão’ e ‘Itapuã 401’ são influenciados pelo tipo de semente e substrato. O material resíduo de carnaúba com casca de arroz (RCCA) pode ser utilizado para produção de mudas de alface com qualidade, sendo um substituto ao substrato comercial.The objective of this work was to evaluate development of seedlings of different lettuce cultivars proceeding from non pelleted and pelleted seeds, grown in different substrates. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse with 50% shade. The treatments resulting from a factorial design 2x3x5, corresponding to two types of seeds (non pelleted and pelleted), three lettuce cultivars (‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ and ‘Itapuã 401’) and five substrates, namely, commercial substrate (vermiculite); ‘paú’ of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa); carnauba residue (Copernicia prunifera) + rice husk (Oryza sativa); carnauba residue powder and partially decayed carnauba residue. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates. During the conduction of the experiment emergence percentage and seedling emergence speed index were recorded. At the end, the following parameters were determined: the aerial part of the seedlings height; leaves number; roots length; root volume; shoots and roots dry weight; stability turf and leaf area. Pelleted seeds provide better formation and development of lettuce seedlings. Cultivars ‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ and ‘Itapuã 401’are influenced by the type of seed and substrate. The carnauba residue plus rice husk material (RCCA) can be used for producing quality lettuce seedlings, resulting in a substitute for commercial substrate.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Temperatura, escarificação mecânica e substrato na germinação de sementes das palmeiras juçara e açaí

The propagation of 'juçara' and 'açaí' is done by seeds, but there is a great desuniformity in the germination process. In this way, the objective of this study was to verify the effect of temperature, mechanical scarification and substrate on seed germination of both species. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications each consisting of 25 seeds. The first was conducted with 14 treatments in factorial scheme 7 x 2, seven temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C and natural condition), with and without mechanical scarification. The second was constituted of eight treatments in factorial scheme 4 x 2, four substrates (sand, vermiculite, coconut fiber and soil + manure), with and without mechanical scarification. Seeds of 'juçara' palm present the highest mean percentage and germination speed index in alternating temperatures of 20-30 and 25-35 °C and natural condition and in substrates sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber. Temperatures of 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C and natural condition in all substrates tested were the most favorable condition for 'açai' seeds. The scarification of the seeds was favorable to the germination process of 'juçara' whereas the seeds of açaí does not need to be scarified

Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in yield and macronutrients contents of heliconia cv. Golden Torch

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization in yield and contents of macronutrients in heliconia plants (Heliconia psittacorum x Heliconia spathocircinata Aristeguieta) cv. Golden Torch. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial, corresponding to N doses (0, 120, 180 and 240 g of N hole-1) and K doses (0, 120, 180 and 240 g of K2O hole-1) with four replicates and five rhizomes per plot, under field conditions. After one year of cultivation, yield (number of flower stems per square meter) and the leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S were determined. The applied N doses did not influence either yield or the leaf contents of the evaluated macronutrients. K fertilization favored the increase in leaf K content and the decrease in the contents of P, Ca and Mg in leaves of heliconias. Under the conditions of this experiment, it is recommended to apply 161.46 g of K2O hole-1 for a maximum yield of 9.89 stems m-2 per month

Yield and quality of inflorescences of 'Golden Torch' heliconia in different shaded environments

ABSTRACT Light is one of the factors that most affect crop growth and yield. However, the control of light intensity is difficult, because, under certain environmental conditions, light energy may exceed or limit the capacity of plants to use it. In this sense, the productive behavior of plant species in shaded environments needs to be known. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different shaded environments with black shade nets [0 (full sun), 35 and 50%, and overlap 35 + 50% shading nets] on flowering, yield and quality of inflorescences of Heliconia psittacorum (cv. 'Golden Torch'). The shaded environments caused a reduction in the number of days for inflorescence emergence and in the cycle of H. psittacorum (cv. 'Golden Torch'). The yield and quality of inflorescences of plants grown under full-sun conditions (0% shading) were impaired. The results indicate that, for a better management of the crop environment, aiming yield and quality of inflorescences of H. psittacorum (cv. 'Golden Torch'), the use of black shade nets with 50% shading is recommended