RIEŠENIE VÝCHOVNE PROBLÉMOVÉHO SPRÁVANIA PROSTREDNÍCTVOM VYUŽITIA MOTIVAČNÝCH A SEBAPOZNÁVACÍCH ROZPRÁVOK U ŽIAKOV NA PRIMÁRNOM STUPNI VZDELÁVANIA

Príspevok charakterizuje výchovne problémové správania vyskytujúce sa v školskom prostredí. Opisujerelevantné činitele podieľajúce sa na rozvoji sociálne – patologického správania. Poukazuje na dôležitosť prevencie,pričom načrtáva predovšetkým možnosti využitia rozprávok pre utváranie pozitívnych vzťahov žiaka k sebesamému ako i k druhým osobám. Popisuje vybrané témy motivačných a sebapoznávacích rozprávok a ich význampre fungovanie vnútorného sveta dieťaťa. Príspevok poukazuje na alternatívy použitia rozprávok pri prácis myšlienkami, ktoré spôsobujú strach, konflikty ale i naopak prispievajú k porozumeniu a hľadaniu dohôd. Ponúkamožnosť ako pomôcť deťom spracovať svoje pocity, priznať si chyby a naučiť sa priateľsky k sebe správať

Logotheoretical Understanding of Existential Sources of Bullying Behavior

The approach of logotheory is one of many approaches to understanding of man. Logotheory sees a human being in his complexity, as a three-dimensional unity of somatic, psychic, and noetic dimensions. Through logotheory, man discovers the possible sources for not loving himself and others. The logotheoretical approach points out that individuals involved in bullying presentun developed noetic dimension. This becomes a source of existential frustration or existential vacuum leading to the occurrence of various forms of pathological behaviour including bullying. It emphasises that aggressors present insufficient development of two fundamental capacities of the noetic dimension allowing the contact with other people: self-detachment and self-transcendence. The uniqueness of this approach lies in the search for answers to one’s existence that bring more than just a temporary satisfaction. Uncovering existential sources of bullying behaviour could be instrumental in finding solutions to prevention and intervention of bullying

Post-traumatic Growth in the Context of Affectivity and Dispositional Hope in Cancer Survivors

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in individuals who have survived cancer and to assess whether positive/negative affectivity, hope, and certain socio-demographic factors (such as age, gender, and relationship status), as well as clinical markers (including type of treatment, time since completion of treatment, and occurrence of relapse), can predict PTG. A total of 548 participants with diverse cancer diagnoses took part in this cross-sectional study. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was used to measure the level of post-traumatic growth, while dispositional hope was assessed through The Adult Trait Hope Scale, and affectivity levels were measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The findings revealed a positive correlation between PTG and hope, as well as positive affect. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that hope and positive affect were robust predictors of PTG. Additionally, increased PTG was associated with gender, time since completion of treatment, and the absence of relapse in successfully treated oncological patients. These results underscore the importance of incorporating positive psychological factors into interventions for cancer survivors

Cancer as a trauma? Risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in cancer survivors

Purpose Living with cancer is associated with experiencing excessive stress which can consequently trigger posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present paper examines PTSD and its risk factors in cancer survivors. Methods In a sample of cancer survivors (N = 216), we tested 3 path models illustrating PTSD development in the context of psychological distress, occurrence of stressful events, personality traits, perceived cognitive impairment, social support, selected sociodemographic variables, and variables related to cancer treatment. Results Two proposed models explained 66% of the PTSD variance and one model explained 73% of the PTSD variance and about one third of the variance of perceived cognitive impairment. Both neuroticism and psychological distress significantly predicted PTSD. Neuroticism predicted PTSD both directly and indirectly via experiencing psychological distress. Particularly, the results suggested that this relationship depends on the time that passed since the person was diagnosed with cancer and also on the history of mental disorders. People lacking social support and those who had a history of mental disorders were significantly more vulnerable to PTSD development. Conclusions The findings depict a possible mechanism of PTSD development taking into account different possible combinations of potential risk factors. Implications for Cancer Survivors PTSD can be triggered by many distinct factors. Cancer survivors could benefit from having evidence-based information regarding which conditions can considerably contribute to PTSD development

Cancer-related Posttraumatic growth and Posttraumatic stress: Different Correlates and Different Network Structure in Patients with Cancer and Cancer Survivors

A cancer diagnosis is a stressful life event that could lead to higher levels of psychological distress. As a result of its traumatic nature, cancer could trigger certain posttraumatic reactions. The most examined posttraumatic reactions in cancer are posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as the negative changes and posttraumatic growth (PTG) as the positive changes. PTSD and PTG can coexist with each other and have some shared and different correlates. PTSD, PTG, their relationships and their correlates have mostly been studied in mixed samples of patients having cancer treatment and as well as cancer survivors. The present study explored PTSD, PTG, their correlates and their interconnection in separate samples of patients in active treatment (N = 181) and cancer survivors (N = 419). It examined various types of correlates such as sociodemographic (e.g., gender, age), cancer-related (e.g., relapse, late treatment impact), coping (e.g., anxious preoccupation, fighting spirit), emotional (e.g., pain, depression), personality factors (e.g., neuroticism, resilience), eudaimonic (e.g., meaningfulness), social (e.g., regular attendance of cancer support group) and spiritual (e.g., the practice of spirituality). In addition, network models of PTSD, PTG and PTSD-PTG were estimated and compared in both samples. There were different correlates of PTSD and PTG found in patients and survivors. From the network perspective, PTG and PTSD were linked in different patterns in both groups. These results highlight which correlates of posttraumatic reactions are important for patients in treatment and for cancer survivors. The results also depict which PTSD symptoms and PTG indicators are most important in the PTG-PTSD interconnection amongst patients and survivors

The Co-occurrence of Posttraumatic growth (PTG) and Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in cancer survivors from a network perspective

A cancer diagnosis is a stressful life event that can lead to posttraumatic reactions. The two most common posttraumatic reactions in cancer survivors are posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTSD represents the negative changes and PTG the positive changes resulting from the process of adapting to cancer. The PTSD, PTG and combined PTSD-PTG network structure with bridge nodes were estimated in 696 adult cancer survivors. The most central indicators in the PTG network were putting more effort into relationships, the ability to do better things with one’s own life and a greater sense of closeness with others. The most central symptoms in the PTSD network were being jumpy or startled and cancer-related flashbacks. Hypervigilance (PTSD symptom), knowing better that one can handle difficulties and changing priorities about what is important in life (PTG indicators) were identified as the nodes that link PTSD and PTG. In the cancer survivors with lower and higher levels of PTG, PTSD network structure, and the PTG strength of centrality indicators were different. In addition, PTSD and PTG were linked through different bridge nodes. This supports the hypothesis that PTSD and PTG are related differently in people with low and high PTG. The network approach can bring new insight into understanding the negative and positive posttraumatic reactions and their co-occurrence in cancer survivors

Analiza właściwości psychometrycznych słowackiej wersji podskali Helpless-Hopeless kwestionariusza Mini-Mac na próbie 420 pacjentów onkologicznych

The aim of the study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Helpless-Hopeless subscale from the Mini-MAC questionnaire. The authors based the study on a sample of 420 patients (men = 85; women = 335) aged 19 to 87 years, who were diagnosed with various types of cancer. The internal subscale consistency (α = 0.870) was very good, consistent with the results of most foreign studies. Gender-related differences showed significantly higher intensity of subjective helplessness and physical and mental discomfort in oncological patients undergoing treatment.Celem badania jest analiza właściwości psychometrycznych podskali Helpless–Hopeless z kwestionariusza Mini-MAC. Autorki przeprowadziły badania na próbie 420 pacjentów (mężczyźni = 85; kobiety = 335) w wieku od 19 do 87 lat, u których zdiagnozowano różne choroby onkologiczne. Wewnętrzna spójność podskali (α = 0,870) była bardzo dobra, zgodna z wynikami większości badań zagranicznych. Różnice między płciami wykazywały istotnie większą intensywność subiektywnej bezradności–beznadziejności oraz dyskomfortu fizycznego i psychicznego u pacjentów onkologicznych, będących w trakcie leczenia