Úloha neuroglie v mechanismu vzniku drogové závislosti

Drogy ako opioidy a amfetamíny predstavujú v súčastnosti celosvetový problém, ktorý má ekonomický, psychologický, sociálny a medicínsky dosah. Skúmanie účinkov drôg na nervový systém sa stal predmetom mnohých štúdií posledných desaťročí. Záujem o výskum neurónov v súvislosti s touto problematikou je konštantný, avšak v súčasnej dobe sa zvyšuje počet štúdií, ktoré sa zameriavajú na výskum neuroglií a ich úlohy pri drogových závislostí. Mnoho výskumov ukazuje, že že glie nie sú len súčasťou neuropilu a nemajú len podpornú funkciu, avšak hrajú významnú úlohu v komunikácii medzi neurónmi, podieľajú sa na modulácii nervového prenosu a dokážu produkovať pôsobky ako cytokíny a chemokíny. Avšak, nie je mnoho informácií o účinkoch drôg na neuroglie a ich predpokladaná úloha v rozvoji závislosti nie je úplne jasná. Táto štúdia má za cieľ poskytnúť stručný prehľad poznatkov o tejto téme.Drugs of abuse, such as opioids and amphetamines, represents nowadays a serious global problem which has economical, psychological, social and medical impact. Investigation of drug effects on the nervous system has been a subject of many studies during the last few decades. The interest in neurons regarding this issues is rather constant, but currently there is increasing number of studies focused on neuroglia and their role in drug addiction. Many studies demonstrated that glia are not only a part of neuropile and do not have only supporting function, but they play an important role in communication between neurons, participate in modulation of neurotransmission and could produce factors such as cytokines and chemokines. However, there is a not much information about the effect of drugs of abuse on neuroglia and the presumed role of these cells in the development of addiction in not quite clear. This review aims to provide a brief survey of current knowledge on this topic.Department of PhysiologyKatedra fyziologiePřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Hemodynamics in Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Incidental detection of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) has increased in the recent years. There is a need in the clinical community to identify those that are prone to rupture and would require preventive treatment. Hemodynamics in cerebral blood vessels plays a key role in the lifetime cycle of intracranial aneurysms (IA). Understanding their initiation, growth, and rupture or stabilization may identify those hemodynamic features that lead to aneurysm instability and rupture. Modeling hemodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) could aid in understanding the processes in the development of IA. The neurosurgical approach during operation of IA allows direct visualization of the aneurysm sac and its sampling in many cases. Detailed analysis of the quality of the aneurysm wall under the microscope, together with histological assessment of the aneurysm wall and CFD modeling, can help in building complex knowledge on the relationship between the biology of the wall and hemodynamics. Detailed CFD analysis of the rupture point can further strengthen the association between hemodynamics and rupture. In this chapter we summarize current knowledge on CFD and intracranial aneurysms

The role of neuroglia in the development of drug dependence

Drugs of abuse, such as opioids and amphetamines, represents nowadays a serious global problem which has economical, psychological, social and medical impact. Investigation of drug effects on the nervous system has been a subject of many studies during the last few decades. The interest in neurons regarding this issues is rather constant, but currently there is increasing number of studies focused on neuroglia and their role in drug addiction. Many studies demonstrated that glia are not only a part of neuropile and do not have only supporting function, but they play an important role in communication between neurons, participate in modulation of neurotransmission and could produce factors such as cytokines and chemokines. However, there is a not much information about the effect of drugs of abuse on neuroglia and the presumed role of these cells in the development of addiction in not quite clear. This review aims to provide a brief survey of current knowledge on this topic