ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN UKRAINE

The United Nations 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals pose new challenges for Ukrainian businesses, which need to adapt their operations and strategies to the requirements of the SDGs. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of economic challenges and business opportunities of the SDGs for the Ukrainian economy. In particular, it assesses whether the SDGs can realistically be achieved after the COVID-19 pandemic and the war with the Russian Federation. Methodology. More generally, the framework allows to assess the macroeconomic coherence with the development strategies of Ukraine. The basic trends of the SDGs for Ukraine are summarized, and the estimation model of the progress in achieving the SDGs is carried out. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of Ukraine is studied. Results. The results show that the economic challenges after the COVID-19 pandemic and the war include ethical, social, financial, and legal aspects that meet the requirements of sustainable development, which is a very high priority for the community in Ukraine. Practical implications. A comparative analysis of the activity of Ukrainian enterprises during quarantine is made on the basis of research data and those for official statistics. Value/originality. According to this study, Ukraine will need 5-7 years to regain the potential lost during the COVID-19 pandemic and the war. The actions of the government and the National Bank of Ukraine continue to support the economic mitigation of the negative effects of the war. The research is based on the economic issues that show how the SDGs can be achieved in the country under different policy scenarios, including modernization of production, development of innovation, increasing export potential, and support from the international community, especially the EU and the US. The assessment of the progress in the implementation of the SDGs in Ukraine showed their significant indicators, such as: The share of exports of goods whose production uses technologies of high and medium-high level in the total exports of goods; Ukraine's position as assessed by the Global Innovation Index; the increase in employment; the creation of institutional and financial capacities for self-realization of the potential of the economically active population and the development of the creative economy; Development of high-quality, reliable, sustainable and accessible infrastructure based on the use of innovative technologies, including environmentally friendly means of transport; ensuring the development of sustainable food production systems that contribute to the preservation of ecosystems and the gradual improvement of the quality of land and soil, primarily through innovative technologies; doubling agricultural productivity, primarily through innovative technologies; mobilization of additional financial resources through the promotion of foreign and domestic investment. Other SDGs showed low improvement and likelihood

INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL MEANS IN THE FINANCIAL SPHERE: THE POTENTIAL OF CLOUD COMPUTING, BLOCKCHAIN, BIG DATA AND AI

The integration of digital means in the financial sphere nowadays is not just a necessity, but also a strategic step that determines the further development of this industry. The modern world of finance bets on high technologies, namely on such key areas as Cloud Computing, Blockchain, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The purpose of our article is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the potential of Cloud Computing, Blockchain, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the context of their impact on the financial sphere. The object of our article is the financial sphere, including banking, the investment sector, insurance, and other component industries that interact with finance. As a result of the conducted research: the advantages and disadvantages of the integration of digital means in the financial sphere are considered; the potential of Cloud Computing, Blockchain, Big Data and AI in the financial sphere was investigated; it is emphasized that all these technologies are already changing the financial sphere and have great potential for further development. Thanks to them, financial institutions can be more competitive, respond faster to changes in the market, and provide more innovative services for customers. Therefore, the integration of these digital means into the financial sphere is a necessity and a key direction for the further development and modernization of the industry. Cloud Computing, Blockchain, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies enable financial institutions to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve customer service. The challenges of implementing new technologies in the financial sector include the absence of a unified regulatory framework, high costs associated with transitioning to digital platforms, and resistance from traditional players. These challenges can be addressed by creating clear regulations, providing financial support to companies transitioning to digital technologies, and fostering partnerships between innovative startups and large financial institutions for collaborative development and implementation of technological solutions

Entrepreneurship in the Era of the Digital Economy. Neuroeconomic Aspect

Total technologization inherent in the present encourages economic units, and especially enterprises, to adapt to the requirements of the era of the digital economy. In order to achieve the main goal of activity, entrepreneurs need to make decisions, applying not only generally accepted economic knowledge, but also take into account the emotional state, values and ethical preferences of their consumers.   The issue of synergistic application of digital capabilities and scientific achievements in brain research and their adaptation to the economic sphere in business activities is becoming relevant. The purpose of the study is the analysis of entrepreneurial activity in the era of the digital economy in the aspect of neuroeconomic development. A high technical and intellectual level in the era of the digital economy requires entrepreneurs to be constantly up-to-date. An interdisciplinary approach is becoming more effective in training entrepreneurs, which includes not only economic and digital sciences, but also psychology and neurophysiology, which allows expanding the methodology and deepening knowledge about a person. The study of the influence of brain activity on the emotional mood and preferences of consumers has modified standard marketing approaches. The synthesis of marketing science with neurophysiology expands the opportunities of entrepreneurs to study customer preferences and improve their products. Synthesizing the economic meaning of enterprise activity and the way to achieve this meaning led to the digitalization of business activity. Innovative solutions of enterprise activity and the use of digital technologies are the key factors in the development of contemporary enterprises.</p

Characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies

Introduction: As more data is collected, hematologists will be able to gain more insight into the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. Material and methods: We analysed 21 cases of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with onco-hematological diseases treated in the Western Ukrainian Pediatric Medical Center from March 2020 through May 2021. The majority of patients (71.4%) were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. All patients from the analyzed cohort had an asymptomatic, mild or moderate course of coronavirus-19 infection. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were fever, cough, gastrointestinal symptoms, and dermatitis. Severe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 increased the risk of liver toxicity and venous thrombosis. Results and conclusion: Our analysis showed that pediatric patients with hematological malignancies need the same treatment approach for COVID-19 as for other infective complications

Використання віртуального середовища Proteus для підготовки майбутніх ІТ-фахівців

Based on literature review it was established that the use of augmented reality as an innovative technology of student training occurs in following directions: 3D image rendering; recognition and marking of real objects; interaction of a virtual object with a person in real time. The main advantages of using AR and VR in the educational process are highlighted: clarity, ability to simulate processes and phenomena, integration of educational disciplines, building an open education system, increasing motivation for learning, etc. It has been found that in the field of physical process modelling the Proteus Physics Laboratory is a popular example of augmented reality. Using the Proteus environment allows to visualize the functioning of the functional nodes of the computing system at the micro level. This is especially important for programming systems with limited resources, such as microcontrollers in the process of training future IT professionals. Experiment took place at Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University and Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko with students majoring in Computer Science (field of knowledge is Secondary Education (Informatics)). It was found that computer modelling has a positive effect on mastering the basics of microelectronics. The ways of further scientific researches for grounding, development and experimental verification of forms, methods and augmented reality, and can be used in the professional training of future IT specialists are outlined in the article.На основі огляду літератури було встановлено, що використання доповненої реальності як інноваційної технології навчання студентів відбувається у таких напрямках: 3D-рендерінг зображень; розпізнавання та маркування реальних об'єктів; взаємодія віртуального об’єкта з людиною в режимі реального часу. Висвітлено основні переваги використання АР та ВР у навчальному процесі: чіткість, вміння моделювати процеси та явища, інтеграція навчальних дисциплін, побудова відкритої системи освіти, підвищення мотивації до навчання тощо. Виявлено, що в цій галузі фізичного моделювання процесів лабораторія фізики протея є популярним прикладом доповненої реальності. Використання середовища Proteus дозволяє візуалізувати функціонування функціональних вузлів обчислювальної системи на мікрорівні. Це особливо важливо для систем програмування з обмеженими ресурсами, наприклад мікроконтролерів у процесі підготовки майбутніх ІТ-фахівців. Експеримент відбувся у Київському університеті імені Бориса Грінченка та Сумському державному педагогічному університеті імені А. С. Макаренка зі студентами спеціальності "Інформатика" (сфера знань - середня освіта (інформатика)). Було встановлено, що комп'ютерне моделювання позитивно впливає на оволодіння основами мікроелектроніки. У статті окреслено шляхи подальших наукових досліджень щодо обґрунтування, розробки та експериментальної перевірки форм, методів та доповненої реальності, які можуть бути використані у професійній підготовці майбутніх ІТ-фахівців

Current issues of security management during martial law

The authors of the book have come to the conclusion that toensuring the country’s security in the conditions of military aggression, it is necessary to use the mechanisms of protection of territories and population, support of economic entities, international legal levers of influence on the aggressor country. Basic research focuses on assessment the resource potential of enterprises during martial law, the analysis of migration flows in the middle of the country and abroad, the volume of food exports, marketing and logistics system. The research results have been implemented in the different decision-making models during martial law, information and economic security management, formation of personnel potential and assets of enterprises, food, energy and environmental security management, use of budgetary levers and financial instruments. The results of the study can be used in the developing of directions, programs and strategies for the post-war recovery of Ukraine’s economy and the attraction of foreign investments in the regions, decision-making at the level of ministries and agencies that regulate security management processes. The results can also be used by students and young scientists in the educational process and conducting scientific research on the problems of ensuring the country’s security

Interaction between inflammation and thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome

Background: Inflammation and thrombosis are important in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Cytokines [interleukin-1&beta; (IL-1&beta;) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] are inflammation markers which play a major role in the development of coronary heart disease. Experimental data documented that an increase of cytokine and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels in unstable angina (UA) and non-Q wave myocardial infarction (MI) predicts an adverse outcome.Aim: To examine the correlation between the IL-1&beta;, IL-6 and vWF levels in patients with ACS.Methods: We examined 92 patients (74 men, 18 women, aged from 43 to 76) divided into 3 groups. The first group included 43 patients with a Q-wave MI, the second group - 33 with a non-Q-wave MI, and the third group - 18 with UA. All patients were given 125-250 mg of aspirin and bolus of 5.000 units of unfractionated heparin, followed by heparin infusion titrated to maintain an activated partial thromboplastin time of 50-75 s. Patients with a Q-wave MI received thrombolytic therapy 1.5 million units of streptokinase. The IL-1b, IL-6 and vWF levels was measured on admission and 7 as well as 21 days later. Fifteen patients with stable angina served as the control group.Results: The levels of cytokines and vWF were significantly higher in patients with ACS than in control subjects. A significant correlation between vWF and IL-6 levels, measured on admission and 7 days later, was found in patients with UA (r=+0.74 and r=+0.55, respectively). Also, a significant correlation was found between vWF and IL-1&beta; levels measured on admission in patients with either Q-wave or non-Q wave MI (r=+0.7 and r=+0.61, respectively).Conclusions: Our data suggest that there is a positive correlation between inflammation and thrombosis markers in patients with ACS

Administrative and legal culture of driving a vehicle as a factor in the social consciousness of a road user

The article is devoted to the study of the legal culture of driving as a factor of road safety. It is established that the level of legal culture of both citizens and officials is of great importance, in particular in the field of road safety. The higher the level of legal culture of legal entities, the fewer offenses will be committed and the laws will be implemented more effectively. The article examines the administrative liability for transport offenses in foreign countries and the possibility of applying the positive experience of these countries in Ukraine. Mortality and injuries due to road accidents in Ukraine have been found to be one of the highest in Europe, while the level of road safety remains extremely low, as repeatedly reported by experts from WHO, the World Bank and other international agencies. It is concluded that borrowing the experience of foreign countries in the field of administrative liability for traffic violations in the current conditions of European integration of Ukraine is very important and requires its application in: adjusting the types of administrative penalties for traffic violations; determination of the amount of administrative fines (take into account the amount of real damage); introduction of a system of accrual of penalty points; imposition of an administrative penalty in the form of application of several sanctions, etc