High-dose therapy including carboplatin adjusted for renal function in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumour: outcome and prognostic factors.

Thirty-one consecutive patients with relapsed or refractory GCT received an HDT schedule including carboplatin, the dose of which was adjusted to measured glomerular filtration rate. There was one HDT-associated death (3%), due to acute renal failure. The 3-year probability of overall and disease-free survival for 21 patients with primary refractory disease or responsive relapse was 60% and 42%, respectively, while none of ten patients with refractory relapse have survived disease free

Differential Brain Development with Low and High IQ in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and intelligence (IQ) are both heritable phenotypes. Overlapping genetic effects have been suggested to influence both, with neuroimaging work suggesting similar overlap in terms of morphometric properties of the brain. Together, this evidence suggests that the brain changes characteristic of ADHD may vary as a function of IQ. This study investigated this hypothesis in a sample of 108 children with ADHD and 106 typically developing controls, who participated in a cross-sectional anatomical MRI study. A subgroup of 64 children also participated in a diffusion tensor imaging scan. Brain volumes, local cortical thickness and average cerebral white matter microstructure were analyzed in relation to diagnostic group and IQ. Dimensional analyses investigated possible group differences in the relationship between anatomical measures and IQ. Second, the groups were split into above and below median IQ subgroups to investigate possible differences in the trajectories of cortical development. Dimensionally, cerebral gray matter volume and cerebral white matter microstructure were positively associated with IQ for controls, but not for ADHD. In the analyses of the below and above median IQ subgroups, we found no differences from controls in cerebral gray matter volume in ADHD with below-median IQ, but a delay of cortical development in a number of regions, including prefrontal areas. Conversely, in ADHD with above-median IQ, there were significant reductions from controls in cerebral gray matter volume, but no local differences in the trajectories of cortical development

Heavy hours. [electronic resource] : Written by the Lord Lyttleton.

Slip song - "The heavy hours are almost past".Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library

Work, Sociability, And Inequality

Workplaces are usually sociable environments, and social interactions between coworkers are consequential. Workers enjoy positive social interactions with coworkers, some employers promote sociability at work, and through social interactions workers form useful social connections. Social networks differ, on average, by gender, with male-dominated networks conferring more social resources than female-dominated networks. Workplaces and occupations structure informal interactions, just as they do formal work interactions. This dissertation examines how workplaces and jobs shape sociable interactions between workers, when those interactions are consequential, and whether the contexts in which workers socialize shape gender inequalities in important labor market outcomes. To do so it uses interaction data from the American Time Use Survey to develop a new measure of coworker sociability. Chapter 2 examines how workplaces and occupations influence sociability. It shows that socializing with coworkers is strongly patterned by workplaces and occupations. Three sets of mechanisms explain the relationship between work and sociability: selection into jobs, job characteristics, and workplace relations. Chapter 3 focuses on how and when sociability is consequential for workers\u27 earnings. It shows that socializing outside the workplace is associated with higher earnings, while socializing at work, when socializing may be perceived to replace work tasks, is associated with lower earnings. The penalty disappears in occupations with a culture of sociability, suggesting that sociability may be an important facet of cultural fit. The returns to sociability for women are, on average, higher than those for men, but this relationship is reversed in highly sociable or male-dominated workplaces. Chapter 4 demonstrates the role of coworker sociability in facilitating gender inequalities in earnings, tenure and promotions. In all three cases, sociability is associated with greater gender inequalities when men predominate in workplaces. Worker-level activity patterns confirm that while women are more sociable than men in non-work contexts, in male-dominated workplaces, women socialize with their coworkers far less frequently than their male colleagues