Genetic structure of Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) population in the «Aleksin Bor» Natural Monument (European Russia)

Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) is a natural hybrid of the native S. virgaurea and the alien invasive S. canadensis, originated in Europe. Its naturalisation potential is still questionable. One of the largest (more than 20 ramet clusters, treated as individuals) known population of this nothospecies, is located in the «Aleksin Bor» Natural Monument (Aleksin town, Tula Region, Russia) in the floodplain of the River Oka. We studied its genetic structure with the help of chloroplast and nuclear markers. Analysis of sequence of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS 1–2 showed that all individuals with intermediate morphology are actually hybrids. Data on the intergenic chloroplast non-coding spacer rpl32–trnL showed that S. canadensis is the maternal species in 60% of the studied individuals. It was shown that even closely located individuals were not clones; therefore, they were results of sexual, rather than vegetative reproduction. Analysis of ISSR markers showed that the studied individuals of S. × niederederi in this population are not only F1 hybrids, but also their descendants (F2 hybrids and/or backcrosses, mostly with S. canadensis). We conclude that S. × niederederi has successfully been naturalised in the studied community and, possibly, is outcompeting its native parental species, S. virgaurea, through introgression

Bottom topography, length, chamber structure of timergazin canyon-like valley and problems of oil and gas exploration in basement

In this article there are specified: a sub-latitudinal valley bottom topography of South Tatar arch, valley length and a position of directive pallial-crustal first order fracture. The valley bottom chamber was considered as continental rift structure with fracture-block tectonics in plan. The possible contribution of the valley to hydrocarbon transit from deep formations is estimated. The Subkhankulovsky swell is specified as possible hydrocarbon deposit within the basement. © 2009

Prevalence of geriatric syndromes in frail patients and mortality risks

The prevalence of older people in Russian population increases rapidly. Therefore, the concept of healthy aging is becoming crucial in Russia and all over the world, and thus disability prevention is one aspect of this issue.AimTo assess a possible association between geriatric syndromes, comorbidities, and mortality rate among frail patients who receive home medical care in Moscow.Materials and methodsThe study included 450 patients with home medical care provided by the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Diagnostic Center No. 3 of the Moscow Health Department” from June 2019 to April 2021. Physical health, functional, cognitive, social and emotional statuses were evaluated by comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). The mortality rate after 1 year was assessed.ResultsThe all-cause case mortality rate in patients during the observation period was 22.4%. There was no difference in age and comorbidities in survivors and deceased patients, but the latter group had more geriatric syndromes. The association between risks of mortality and anemia and some geriatric syndromes, such as malnutrition and hearing impairment, total dependence (Barthel index less than 60) was observed

Sintering and physico-mechanical properties of materials based on silicon nitride nanoscale powders

Obtained a high-density material (ρ = 3,28 g/cm3, a porosity of 1,4 %) on the basis of silicon nitride powder by liquid phase sintering nanoscale. Displaying pressing pressure on the density of sintered materials the based silicon nitride. The process of pattern formation material during sintering. The main physico-mechanical characteristics: the density, porosity and grain size of the solid phase, the modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, fracture toughness ratio, Vickers hardnes

Investigation of Coolant Mixing in Reactor VVER-1000

We present an experimental investigation of coolant mixing in downcomer and lower plenum of VVER-1000 here. The arrangement of the problem, the methodology and results are discussed. Three groups of experiments simulating coolant mixing were executed: in conditions of RCP start-up, during natural circulation recovery in the course of SB LOCA and in conditions of stable operation of different amount of RCPs. Results of experiments are used for validation of numerical codes

СНИЖЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГО- И МАТЕРИАЛОЁМКОСТИ РЕЛЬСОВЫХ ЦЕПЕЙ

The authors propose the method of temporary control of track lines that does not need power consuming measuring tools as opposed to the method of permanent control. They prove that the mathematical model allows to reduce power and material consumption of rail circuits, to efficiently use industrial space.Авторы рассматривают метод временного контроля состояния рельсовых линий, который в отличие от постоянного контроля не нуждается в использовании измерительной аппаратуры, непрерывно потребляющей энергию. Доказывается, что одновременно с помощью математической модели достигаются и совокупная экономия электрических мощностей, и снижение материалоемкости рельсовых цепей, и более рациональное распределение производственных площадей

Влияние слоистых нанонаполнителей на перколяционные свойства систем на основе полипропиленгликоля и карбонанотрубок

Використовуючи методи імпедансної спектроскопії та оптичної мікроскопії, проведено дослідження електричних властивостей систем на основі поліпропіленгліколю і карбонанотрубок (КНТ). Показано, що при введенні в систему шаруватого наповнювача, який ексфоліює, відбувається зміщення порога перколяції в область нижчих концентрацій КНТ. Аналіз критичних індексів провідності для досліджуваних систем виявив, що такі низькі значення t (1,19—1,43) свідчать про те, що формування провідної сітки, завдяки сильному притяганню між індивідуальними КНТ та лапонітом, не є статистичним перколяційним процесом, який передбачає рівномірне розподілення частинок нанонаповнювача. Таким чином, введення третього компонента за рахунок його взаємодії з нанорозмірними електропровідними частинками веде до істотної зміни перколяційних властивостей наповненої системи, що значною мірою відображається на електричній провідності композитів.By using impedance spectroscopy and optical microscopy methods the investigation of electrical properties of systems based on polypropylene glycol was conducted. It was shown that adding exfoliated layered fillers to the system shifts percolation threshold to low concentration of nanotubes. Analysis of critical indexes of conductivity for investigated systems has shown that such low values of t (1,19—1,43) mean that the formation of conductive network because of strong interaction between laponite and single nanotubes is not a statistic percolation process and distribution of filler particles is nonuniform. Thus, incorporation of third component leads to significant change of percolation properties of filled system, because of its strong interaction with conductive particles. Moreover, insertion of third component leads to significant enhancement of distribution of nanotubes in the bulk of polymer matrix and can improve a number of properties of system filled with nanosized particles polymers.Используя метод импедансной спектроскопии и оптической микроскопии, были проведены исследования электрических свойств систем на основе полипропиленгликоля и карбонанотрубок (КНТ). Показано, что при введении в систему слоистого наполнителя, который эксфолиирует, происходит смещение порога перколяции в область более низких концентраций КНТ. Анализ критических индексов проводимости для исследуемых систем показал, что такие низкие значения t (1,19—1,43) свидетельствуют о том, что формирование электропроводной сетки, вследствие сильного притягивания между индивидуальными КНТ и лапонитом, не является статистическим перколяционным процессом, который предусматривает равномерное распределение наполнителя. Таким образом, введение третьего компонента за счет его взаимодействия с наноразмерными электропроводящими частичками приводит к существенному изменению перколяционных свойств наполненной системы, что в значительной степени отображается на электрической проводимости композитов

Cognitive status in older patients with limited mobility as a predictor of negative outcome

Background. Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the important disability factors in the elderly. The role of CI in prognosis of the frailest patients with limited mobility is uncertain.The aim. To determine the influence of the initial cognitive status in the group of patronage patients aged 60 years and older on the risk of mortality within one year.Materials and methods. Study group consisted of 450 patients from patronage group with one-year period of observation (from July 2019 till July 2020). Initial physical, functional, neuropsychiatriac and social statuses were evaluated by comprehensive geriatric assessment. Cognitive impairment was screened by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), with dividing patients into dementia group (MMSE ≤ 24) and no-dementia group (MMSE > 24). The mortality rate after one year was assessed.Results. Of the 450 patients included in the study, dementia was present in 44.2 %. Patients with dementia were more prone to greater severity of chronic pain, sleep disturbances, depression, malnutrition and anemia. After one year of observation 34 out of 196 patients (17.3 %) in the group of patients with dementia and 18 out of 248 patients (7.3 %; p = 0.002) in the no-dementia group died. According to multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for death in patients with dementia were anemia, hearing impairment and a history of bone fractures.Conclusion. Thus, the assessment of the cognitive status of frail patients with limited mobility is important for the purpose of identifying the most vulnerable individuals with a high risk of adverse outcomes

Imbalance of NK cell subpopulations and polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokine genes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of development and identifying trigger markers of the disease will significantly increase the efficiency of pre-nosological diagnosis and medical follow-up of patients. In this case, one should take into account the role of mutations in cytokine genes, which affect their biochemical activity and production level. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of mediators of acute and chronic inflammation (IL-17A, IL-1â, TNFá and IL-4), the ratio of natural killer cell subpopulations (CD56hiCD16-/CD56loCD16+) in pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis resulting into coronary heart disease.To analyze the results, an integrated approach was used, including molecular genetic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, typing of single-nucleotide substitutions in cytokine genes, isolation and cultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, assessment of spontaneous and in vitro-induced production of immune system mediators, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytotoxic test, flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies (Beckman Coulter, USA) to CD16, CD56 NK markers.The study included 130 residents of the North Caucasus, including the patients (n = 62) treated at the Cardiology Department of the Adyghe Republican Clinical Hospital (ARCB) with a verified diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD), and a control group (n = 68), represented by unrelated healthy donors.Overexpression of cytokines in IHD patients was associated with distinct single nucleotide substitutions in certain genes. Studying a group of residents from the Republic of Adygeya, the authors experimentally established that harboring the 511C allele of the IL-1â gene (p < 0.0004; OR = 4.67), A197A of the IL-17A gene genotype (p < 0.04; OR = 3.88), G308 SNP of TNFá gene (p < 0.01; OR = 3.41), and 589T variant of IL-4 gene (p < 0.04; OR = 2.45) are associated with hyperproduction of the first-wave inflammatory mediators that increase the risk of developing ischemic heart disease. In atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases, we have noted a significant decrease in spontaneous and induced activity of natural killer cells involved in the utilization of “foamy cells”. The NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cell in patients with coronary heart disease is significantly reduced. In the IHD patients, an imbalance of phenotypically and functionally different CD56hiCD16-/CD56loCD16+ NK subpopulations with a predominance of CD56hiCD16- phenotype were revealed. Conclusions: Immuno-inflammatory mechanisms of evolving coronary atherosclerosis are associated with single-nucleotide substitutions, i.e., polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the IL-17A (G197A), IL-1 â (T511C), and TNFá (G308A), the known mediators of acute and chronic inflammation.Genetically determined overexpression of IL-17A, IL-1â, and TNFá, confirmed in experiments on evaluation of spontaneous and stimulated cytokine production in patients with CHD, together with reduced NK activity of РВМС, due to predominance of CD56hiCD16-, a subpopulation with high cytokine production, manifested by an increased pro-inflammatory component that triggers and provides long-term support to pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis