Modelo de hargreaves-samani ajustado as condições climáticas do estado do Rio de Janeiro para estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência.

Utilizando-se como padrão para determinação da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) o modelo de Penman-Monteith parametrizado no boletim Nº 56 de irrigação e drenagem da FAO (PM-FAO56) ajustou-se o modelo de Hargreaves-Samani (HS) para as condições climáticas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nas estimativas da ETo foram utilizadas séries climáticas de 10 estações meteorológicas convencionais pertencentes ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Os valores dos coeficientes do modelo de HS ajustados para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro não variaram significativamente (cv 3,4%), sendo indicado a utilização de um valor médio (0,0116 ± 0,0004) para todo o Estado. O modelo de Hargreaves-Samani ajustado e o original apresentaram elevada precisão (r2 = 0,94) das estimativas de ETo. Contudo, a acurácia das estimativas de ETo foram superiores com o modelo HS ajustado (d = 0,99 e EPE = 0,25 mm d-1) em relação ao original (d = 0,93 e EPE = 0,65 mm d-1)

Variabilidade mesoclimática da chuva no norte e noroeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Resumo: A chuva é um dos elementos climáticos mais importantes. Na quantidade e no período adequado pode trazer benefícios para, por exemplo, a agricultura, mas em situações adversas pode causar prejuízos, como inundações e deslizamentos de terra. Nesse sentido, este estudo analisou a variabilidade climática da altura pluviométrica sazonal nas mesorregiões Norte e Noroeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram utilizados dados trimestrais de chuva de onze estações hidrológicas. Os métodos da Análise de Regressão e, de Kendall foram utilizados para testar a tendência da altura pluviométrica sazonal. Os resultados mostraram que no verão e inverno foram observadas as maiores e menores tendências significativas da altura pluviométrica, respectivamente. Abstract: Rain is one of the most important climatic elements. In the quantity and at the right time can benefit, for example, agriculture, but in adverse situations can cause damage such as floods and landslides. In this perspective, this study analyzed the climate viability of seasonal rainfall in the North and Northwest mesoregions, from the state of Rio de Janeiro. Quarterly rainfall data from eleven hydrological stations were used. Methods of Regression Analysis and Kendall were used to test the trend of seasonal rainfall. The results showed that in the summer and in the winter the highest and the lowest significant trends in rainfall height were observed, respectively

Localization properties of a one-dimensional tight-binding model with non-random long-range inter-site interactions

We perform both analytical and numerical studies of the one-dimensional tight-binding Hamiltonian with stochastic uncorrelated on-site energies and non-fluctuating long-range hopping integrals . It was argued recently [A. Rodriguez at al., J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 33, L161 (2000)] that this model reveals a localization-delocalization transition with respect to the disorder magnitude provided . The transition occurs at one of the band edges (the upper one for and the lower one for). The states at the other band edge are always localized, which hints on the existence of a single mobility edge. We analyze the mobility edge and show that, although the number of delocalized states tends to infinity, they form a set of null measure in the thermodynamic limit, i.e. the mobility edge tends to the band edge. The critical magnitude of disorder for the band edge states is computed versus the interaction exponent by making use of the conjecture on the universality of the normalized participation number distribution at transition.Comment: 7 pages, 6 postscript figures, uses revtex

Flat-band quantum communication induced by disorder

We show that a qubit transfer protocol can be realized through a flat band hosted by a disordered $XX$ spin-1/2 diamond chain. In the absence of disorder, the transmission becomes impossible due to the compact localized states forming the flat band. When off-diagonal disorder is considered, the degeneracy of the band is preserved but the associated states are no longer confined to the unit cells. By perturbatively coupling the sender and receiver to the flat band, we derive a general effective Hamiltonian resembling a star network model with two hubs. The effective couplings correspond to wavefunctions associated with the flat-band modes. Specific relationships between these parameters define the quality of the quantum-state transfer which, in turn, are related to the degree of localization in the flat band. Our findings establish a framework for further studies of flat bands in the context of quantum communication.Comment: 7 figures, 8 page

Non-Rayleigh signal of interacting quantum particles

The dynamics of two interacting quantum particles on a weakly disordered chain is investigated. Spatial quantum interference between them is characterized through the statistics of two-particle transition amplitudes, related to Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations in optics. The fluctuation profile of the signal can discern whether the interacting parties are behaving like identical bosons, fermions, or distinguishable particles. An analog fully developed speckle regime displaying Rayleigh statistics is achieved for interacting bosons. Deviations toward long-tailed distributions echo quantum correlations akin to non-interacting identical particles. In the limit of strong interaction, two-particle bound states obey generalized Rician distributions.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

After-effects of thixotropic conditionings on operational chest wall and compartmental volumes of patients with Parkinson’s disease

Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) present respiratory dysfunctions, mainly due to decreased chest wall expansion, which worsens with the course of the disease. These findings contribute to the restrictive respiratory pattern and the reduction in chest wall volume. According to literature, inspiratory muscle thixotropic conditioning maneuvers may improve lung volumes in these patients. The study aimed to determine the after-effects of respiratory muscle thixotropic maneuvers on breathing patterns and chest wall volumes of PD. A crossover study was performed with twelve patients with PD (8 males; mean age 63.9±8.8 years, FVC%pred 89.7±13.9, FEV1%pred 91.2±15, FEV1/FVC%pred 83.7±5.7). Chest wall volumes were assessed using OEP during thixotropic maneuvers. Increases in EIVCW (mean of 126mL, p = 0.01) and EEVCW (mean of 150mL, p = 0.005) were observed after DITLC (deep inspiration from total lung capacity) due to increases in pulmonary (RCp) and abdominal (RCa) ribcage compartments. Changes in ICoTLC (inspiratory contraction from TLC) led to significant EIVCW (mean of 224mL, p = 0.001) and EEVCW (mean of 229mL, p = 0.02) increases that were mainly observed in the RCp. No significant changes were found when performing DERV (deep expiration from residual volume) and ICoRV (Inspiratory contraction from RV). Positive correlations were also observed between the degree of inspiratory contraction during ICoTLC and EEVRCp (rho = 0.613, p = 0.03) and EIVRCp (rho = 0.697, p = 0.01) changes. Thixotropy conditioning of inspiratory muscles at an inflated chest wall volume increases EIVCW and EEVCW in the ten subsequent breaths in PD patients. These maneuvers are easy to perform, free of equipment, low-cost, and may help patients improve chest wall volumes during rehabilitation

Universal renormalization-group dynamics at the onset of chaos in logistic maps and nonextensive statistical mechanics

We uncover the dynamics at the chaos threshold $\mu_{\infty}$ of the logistic map and find it consists of trajectories made of intertwined power laws that reproduce the entire period-doubling cascade that occurs for $\mu <\mu_{\infty}$. We corroborate this structure analytically via the Feigenbaum renormalization group (RG) transformation and find that the sensitivity to initial conditions has precisely the form of a $q$-exponential, of which we determine the $q$-index and the $q$-generalized Lyapunov coefficient $\lambda _{q}$. Our results are an unequivocal validation of the applicability of the non-extensive generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics to critical points of nonlinear maps.Comment: Revtex, 3 figures. Updated references and some general presentation improvements. To appear published as a Rapid communication of PR

Infraspecific variability in the essential oil composition of Lychnophora ericoides

Variations in the composition of the leaf essential oils of wild Lychnophora ericoides, with and without scent, which were grown in three sampling sites, were examined by GC-MS. Results were submitted to principal component and cluster analysis which allowed for two groups of essential oils to be distinguished with regard to scent: cluster I with specimens exhibiting an aromatic scent and containing a high percentage of &#945;-bisabolol (34 ± 23%) and o-cymene (8.4 ± 6.9%); cluster II with specimens without any scent and characterised by a high percentage of caryophyllene oxide (11 ± 9%) and &#948;-elemene (5.7 ± 6.9%). The two types of oil coexist in all the populations under study, although patterns of aromatic samples deriving from Caldas Novas' State Park reveal chemical differences in relation to the samples from Brasília's National Park and Santo Antônio do Descoberto. Such chemical variations clearly suggest, apart from a geographical influence, genetic differences between individuals in the populations. The high content of &#945;-bisabolol supports the folk medicinal use of arnica as anti-inflammatory