Schoolgirl Embroideries: Integrating Indigenous Motifs, Materials, and Text

Hand embroidery was an integral part of female education in Europe, America, and their colonized territories until the late 19th century. All girls embroidered at least one sampler and many stitched more than one. Because needlework was part of the school’s curriculum; a sampler’s composition, technique, and text communicate a great deal about the teacher’s goals, as well as community and family expectations, including those of indigenous students. This presentation explores ways in which indigenous motifs, materials, and text were integrated into schoolgirl samplers and other girlhood embroideries, leaving visible evidence of cross-cultural accommodations. Motifs are recurring patterns or designs, often representing an object in the natural or human made world-animals, flowers, houses, etc. This presentation will share examples of sampler motifs that (a) have indigenous origins, (b) have morphed from a motif with European origins to one with an indigenous flair, and (c) are iconic to both European and indigenous cultures but contain different symbolic meanings. Materials used to make samplers reflect their geographic origins. Most American and Western European samplers were stitched on linen ground with silk threads. Where wool was produced, the ground fabric was often fine wool instead of linen. Samplers made in colonized territories also incorporated materials that were locally available. This presentation will share examples of schoolgirl embroideries made with local materials familiar to Indigenous populations such as hair, shells, and feathers. Most samplers include text in the form of alphabets and verses. Although the majority of this text is in the language of the teacher, samplers from mission schools sometimes included alphabets and verses in the language of indigenous students. This presentation will share examples of indigenous text on samplers from Hawaii, Mexico, and Ceylon, and then conclude with possible explanations for why teachers chose to include indigenous motifs, materials, and text

A Study to Determine the Feasibility of Locating a Family Type Restaurant in Logan, Utah

Increasing attention is drawn to the stock market as the number of shares traded continues to reach new highs. The purchase of common stock as an effective hedge against inflation is also broadly discussed. Obviously, not all stock presently offered for sale will yield a favorable return on investment. The use of comprehensive financial analysis has proven to be essential in effective investment management. It is the purpose of this report to thoroughly analyze the Boise Cascade Corporation to determine whether or not the purchase of its common stock would be a profitable long-term investment

Conceptualization and practice of information literacy instruction in community colleges

This interpretive multi-case study methodology was conducted with five sites using interviews, observations, and document analysis to answer two research questions: (1) How do community colleges and their libraries\u27 instructional mission statements/statements of purpose conceptualize and understand information literacy? and (2) How are Information Literacy Instruction Programs providing students information literacy instruction, as demonstrated in classroom information literacy instruction sessions? The problem is that students who graduate with an associate\u27s degree and enter the workforce or transfer to university and have not had IL instruction will be at a disadvantage compared to students who have had access to IL instruction. It is argued that students need to be information literate in order to fully participate in the academic system. Access to IL instruction in community colleges can vary widely. Some students receive IL instruction in their community college and some do not. The mission or vision statements of the five community colleges studied do not use the words ‘information literacy\u27 at all. Not having IL in the mission or policy statements doesn\u27t create a culture where IL is important. All of the sites struggle with faculty buy-in for IL instruction sessions. Some sites have less buy-in than others. Four of the five sites do not have a dedicated space for IL instruction sessions, one doesn\u27t have computers for students to use in the IL instruction sessions. No site has IL instruction for online students. The common IL instruction at all five programs are 50-70 minute sessions. All IL sessions teach the use of general information sources like Google and databases; the different command languages, protocols, and search parameters for different systems as well as how to identify keywords for the information needed; find the controlled vocabulary specific to the discipline or information retrieval source; construct a search strategy appropriate for the information retrieval system selected; and use either MLA or ALA style to cite sources. All programs discuss evaluating reliability, validity, accuracy, authority, timeliness, and point of view or bias of potential resources. Those students who do receive IL instruction through the five programs are getting quality instruction

Defining Success: The Perspective of Emerging Adults with Foster Care Experience

Youth with experience in the foster system are often more susceptible to negative outcomes in adulthood due to their high levels of cumulative risk. The present study sought out to re-define the concept of “success” from the perspective of emerging adults with experience in the foster care system and to identify patterns among the characteristics and behaviors of foster families that promote success as these young adults transition out of the foster care system and into adulthood. Participants most frequently defined “success” as achieving personal goals. Additionally, Support and Positive Identity were found to be the most influential Developmental Assets® promoted by family characteristics and behaviors. A greater awareness of the family factors emerging adults perceived to contribute to their success can be used to advise agencies, advocates, and parents, permitting them to be more intentional in promoting success and maximizing opportunities for successful development in foster youth

Cross-sectional Examination of U.S. Gun Ownership and Support for Gun Control Measures: Socio-demographic, Geographic, and Political Associations Explored

Background: Gun violence in the United States is a public health threat without global parallel. Gun-related injury, disability, and death impact vulnerable populations disproportionately; women and youth, residents of impoverished cities and communities, and black males are most frequently the victims-which starkly contracts sociodemographic patterns associated with owners of guns. The purpose of the study is to determine associations between gun control policy support and sociodemographic characteristics, geographic region, and political views among gun owners in the US. Methods: Cross-sectional national data pooled from 3 waves of the biennial General Social Survey administered from 2010 to 2014 were utilized to examine sociodemographic, geographic, and attitudinal differences among respondents who responded positively that they owned a personal firearm (N=2990). The main outcome measure included favor towards gun sale restrictions. Prevalence of gun ownership and support of gun control policy was examined calculated by age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, region of residence, and political views. Prevalence ratios and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated based on logistic regression models. Results: An estimated 33.5 percent of U.S. adults reported owning a gun while 73.3 percent were in favor of laws requiring a person to obtain a police permit before purchasing a gun. After adjusting for significant study variables, adults 65 of age or older, male, non-Hispanic white, earning $35,000 or more, residing in the Midwest or South, and with Conservative political views were more likely to own a gun than their respective counterparts. Additional characteristics that were found to be significantly associated in favor of permit laws before gun purchase included females, Non-Hispanic Black/Other, Hispanic, college graduates, residing in the Northeast, and siding with liberal political views. Conclusions: The result of this investigation reveal characteristics among gun owners that are associated with support for gun restriction laws. Public health professionals can utilize these findings to development more tailored, culturally-sensitive gun violence prevention advocacy campaigns and outreach efforts

By Land and by Sea: Displaced Samplers Reveal Women on the Move

Until the middle of the nineteenth century most American girls embroidered as least one needlework sampler as part of their education. A first sampler demonstrated the girl had learned to sew a few different stitches, copy the alphabet, and “write” her own name in thread. If instruction continued past these basics, subsequent embroideries might reveal more advanced needlework techniques and the girl’s expanding literacy. Each sampler was considered a significant accomplishment—by the girl herself, her teacher, her family, and even potential suitors. Embroidered samplers were treasured objects, framed and displayed in the home or tucked away safely for posterity. When parents moved to new locations, their daughters’ needlework traveled too, packed carefully within the folds of a dress or laid on top of extra bedding. Many American women traveling west with their husbands also chose to take along their girlhood embroideries—objects embedded with memories of the home they were leaving behind, their childhood friends, and the family members they might never see again. This presentation focuses on four “displaced samplers”—schoolgirl embroideries that ended up thousands of miles from their places of origin. Specifically, it will uncover the lives of the two pioneering women who stitched the samplers, revealing how, when, and why their girlhood needlework traveled “by land and by sea,” packed safely within their makers’ trunks amidst other treasured belongings and the necessities for starting a new home. One of the women died in route, never realizing the family dream of starting fresh in Oregon Territory—but her needlework made the trip unscathed. The fact that schoolgirl samplers “made the cut” of what women felt was important to take along when traveling across the American continent speaks volumes about their value to the women who stitched them and the descendants who inherited them

Residential child care qualifications audit 2007

In recent years there has been a drive to develop a fully qualified residential child care sector in Scotland. In 2003 the Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC) announced the baseline qualifications for residential child care staff and set down a target for attaining it. This qualifications framework was subsequently reviewed and expanded in 2004. The Scottish Institute for Residential Child Care (SIRCC), commissioned by the Scottish Executive, has previously undertaken two inquiries into the qualification levels of the residential child care workforce in Scotland. The first Qualifications Audit (Frondigoun, Maclean, Hosie & Kendrick, 2002) was undertaken before the SSSC’s initial qualification framework was known and the second (Hunter, Hosie, Davidson & Kendrick, 2004) was based on it. The previous qualifications audit (Hunter et al., 2004) reported that 18% of residential child care staff were fully qualified in accordance with the SSSC’s qualification criteria (SSSC, 2004). The report forecast that the number of fully qualified staff would rise to 29.1% if all qualifications being undertaken were achieved. The purpose of this current audit is to determine whether levels of qualified staff have risen and to identify qualification trends throughout the residential child care sector in Scotland

Deep Coastal Marine Taphonomy: Investigation into Carcass Decomposition in the Saanich Inlet, British Columbia Using a Baited Camera

Decomposition and faunal colonization of a carcass in the terrestrial environment has been well studied, but knowledge of decomposition in the marine environment is based almost entirely on anecdotal reports. Three pig carcasses were deployed in Saanich Inlet, BC, over 3 years utilizing Ocean Network Canada’s VENUS observatory. Each carcass was deployed in late summer/early fall at 99 m under a remotely controlled camera and observed several times a day. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, density and pressure were continuously measured. Carcass 1 was immediately colonized by Munida quadrispina, Pandalus platyceros and Metacarcinus magister, rapidly scavenged then dragged from view by Day 22. Artifacts specific to each of the crustaceans’ feeding patterns were observed. Carcass 2 was scavenged in a similar fashion. Exposed tissue became covered by Orchomenella obtusa (Family Lysianassidae) which removed all the internal tissues rapidly. Carcass 3 attracted only a few M. quadrispina, remaining intact, developing a thick filamentous sulphur bacterial mat, until Day 92, when it was skeletonized by crustacea. The major difference between the deployments was dissolved oxygen levels. The first two carcasses were placed when oxygen levels were tolerable, becoming more anoxic. This allowed larger crustacea to feed. However, Carcass 3 was deployed when the water was already extremely anoxic, which prevented larger crustacea from accessing the carcass. The smaller M. quadrispina were unable to break the skin alone. The larger crustacea returned when the Inlet was re-oxygenated in spring. Oxygen levels, therefore, drive the biota in this area, although most crustacea endured stressful levels of oxygen to access the carcasses for much of the time. These data will be valuable in forensic investigations involving submerged bodies, indicating types of water conditions to which the body has been exposed, identifying post-mortem artifacts and providing realistic expectations for recovery divers and families of the deceased

Influential Article Review - Meta-Organizations Dispute Resolution

This paper examines management. We present insights from a highly influential paper. Here are the highlights from this paper: Meta-organizations, such as joint ventures and other complex forms of inter-firm organizations, are characterized by the absence of formal authority. This lack of internal hierarchy can lead to severe conflicts between cooperating organizations and hence requires specific governance. This paper recognizes arbitration as an integral part of the organizational architecture of meta-organizations. First, attributes are identified that in the context of meta-organizations distinguish arbitration from ordinary courts. Then these attributes are considered to discuss why arbitration should be understood as an internal rather than an external governance device, delineating the boundaries of meta-organizations, and leading to optimal investment decisions. For our overseas readers, we then present the insights from this paper in Spanish, French, Portuguese, and German