Activated Carbons from Co-Mingled Liquid

Data on a synergetic phenomena of the components of the co-mingled solid and liquid wastes occurs during their thermolysis were used for the development of the co-activation approach to wastes recycling. Co-activation was aimed at generation of porous solid valuable secondary products (activated carbons). The development of the design parameters for the activated carbons syntheses was done at valorization of the re-polymerization, re-association and the polycondensation reactions between the reference structural fragments of the components in the ternary composite systems "Spent Petroleum Product Waste – Biomass – D-grade coal" and "Coal Processing Sludge – Biomass – D-grade coal". From elaborated comprehensive investigations the main factors, which influence the carbonized chars formation and the properties of the resulted activated carbons were evaluated. The porous solid secondary products of uniform particle size and pore size distribution were obtained during co-processing in the co-mingled systems. The surface area is ranged between 600-1100 m2/g, the total pore volume is of 0.32-0.47 m3/g and the yield is of 21-27%. Additionally, an efficiency of the catalytic co-processing of natural organic solid and liquid wastes with coal in a presence of the K/Na carbonates was studied aiming at novel adsorbents usage for wastewater purification from heavy metals

PREVENTION OF SUICIDAL RISK AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE USING “ASR-TEST”

Based on the psychodiagnostic criteria obtained in the experiment, predictors of suicidal risk were determined in a mathematical regression model — three degrees of violations of socio-psychological adaptation, which made it possible to conduct differentiated psychological support for young people. The level of socio-psychological adaptation is determined as a prediction of the suicidal risk of young people based on the digital psychological screening “ASR-test”, created in the Application of the “Android” system. In the process of medical and psychological rehabilitation, psychological “targets” for the prevention of suicidal risk were established, which made it possible to carry out differentiated psychological support for young people.На основании полученных в эксперименте психодиагностических критериев в математической регрессионной модели определены предикторы суицидального риска — три степени нарушений социально-психологической адаптации, позволившие дифференцировано проводить психологическое сопровождение лиц молодого возраста. Определяется уровень социально-психологической адаптации как прогноз суицидального риска лиц молодого возраста на основе цифрового психологического скрининга «ASR-test», созданного в Приложении системы «Android». В процессе медико-психологической реабилитации установлены психологические «мишени» превенции суицидального риска, позволившие дифференцировано проводить психологическое сопровождение лиц молодого возраста

Synthetic beta cells for fusion-mediated dynamic insulin secretion

Generating artificial pancreatic beta cells by using synthetic materials to mimic glucose-responsive insulin secretion in a robust manner holds promise for improving clinical outcomes in people with diabetes. Here, we describe the construction of artificial beta cells (AβCs) with a multicompartmental 'vesicles-in-vesicle' superstructure equipped with a glucose-metabolism system and membrane-fusion machinery. Through a sequential cascade of glucose uptake, enzymatic oxidation and proton efflux, the AβCs can effectively distinguish between high and normal glucose levels. Under hyperglycemic conditions, high glucose uptake and oxidation generate a low pH (<5.6), which then induces steric deshielding of peptides tethered to the insulin-loaded inner small liposomal vesicles. The peptides on the small vesicles then form coiled coils with the complementary peptides anchored on the inner surfaces of large vesicles, thus bringing the membranes of the inner and outer vesicles together and triggering their fusion and insulin 'exocytosis'

Badanie równowag ekstrakcji w reakcji zasadowej hydrolizy aktywowanych estrów aminokwasów

Correlation between observed kinetic effects of phase-transfer catalytic reaction of the alkaline hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl ester of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine-4 in the two-phase system chloroform-borate buffer pH = 10 and a content of ionic forms of catalyst was investigated. The phosphonium salts QX (X = Cl¯, Br¯, I¯) shows high catalytic reactivity. Dependence of the reaction kinetics discussed in the framework of the extraction mechanism with a competitive extraction of a nucleophile ОН¯, nucleofuge 4-NO2C6H4O¯ and anion X¯ of the phase-transfer catalyst.Zbadano korelację pomiędzy obserwowanym efektem kinetycznym przejścia fazowego katalitycznej reakcji zasadowej hydrolizy estru 4-nitrofenylowego N-benzyloksycarbonylglycyny-4 w dwufazowym układzie chloroform-bufor boranowy, pH = 10, z zawartością jonowych form katalizatora. Sole fosfoniowe QX (X = Cl¯, Br¯, I¯) wykazują wysoką aktywność katalityczną. Zależności kinetyki reakcji przeanalizowano w ramach mechanizmu ekstrakcji z konkurencyjną ekstrakcją nukleofilu ОН¯, grupą odchodzącą 4-NO2C6H4O¯ i anionem X¯ katalizatora przejścia fazowego

Triclosan as model system for the adsorption on recycled adsorbent materials

The adsorption of triclosan as model system was studied to qualify activated carbon sorbents recycled from gas masks (civilian gas mask GP5). The triclosan equilibrium concentration was measured spectrophotometrically, the morphology of the activated carbon characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the amount of the adsorbed triclosan on the activated carbon quantified by a mass balance method. Experimental isotherms were fitted by Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips adsorption models. It was obtained that the contact time is a crucial sorption parameter that provides information on the optimum adsorption efficiency. It was shown that the maximum efficiency of \GP5\ (88) is obtained after 10 days of adsorption at a maximal concentration of triclosan and carbon loading 1 mg/l. No significant adsorption efficiency differences were measured after 5 and 10 days of adsorption. The non-linear Sips isotherm, a combined Freundlich–Langmuir model, provides suitable fitting results. The observed remarkable adsorption capacity of activated carbon (GP5) towards triclosan adsorption (∼85 mg/g) makes it a viable solution for wastewater treatment

Molecular machines governing exocytosis of synaptic vesicles.

Calcium-dependent exocytosis of synaptic vesicles mediates the release of neurotransmitters. Important proteins in this process have been identified such as the SNAREs, synaptotagmins, complexins, Munc18 and Munc13. Structural and functional studies have yielded a wealth of information about the physiological role of these proteins. However, it has been surprisingly difficult to arrive at a unified picture of the molecular sequence of events from vesicle docking to calcium-triggered membrane fusion. Using mainly a biochemical and biophysical perspective, we briefly survey the molecular mechanisms in an attempt to functionally integrate the key proteins into the emerging picture of the neuronal fusion machine