The Impact of Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance and Media-Body Images on Women\u27s Concern About Weight

Digitized thesi

Project JOVE

The goal of this project is to investigate new areas of research pertaining to free surface-interface fluids mechanics and/or microgravity which have potential commercial applications. This paper presents an introduction to ferrohydrodynamics (FHD), and discusses some applications. Also, computational methods for solving free surface flow problems are presented in detail. Both have diverse applications in industry and in microgravity fluids applications. Three different modeling schemes for FHD flows are addressed and the governing equations, including Maxwell's equations, are introduced. In the area of computational modeling of free surface flows, both Eulerian and Lagrangian schemes are discussed. The state of the art in computational methods applied to free surface flows is elucidated. In particular, adaptive grids and re-zoning methods are discussed. Additional research results are addressed and copies of the publications produced under the JOVE Project are included

Acoustic forcing of a liquid drop

The development of systems such as acoustic levitation chambers will allow for the positioning and manipulation of material samples (drops) in a microgravity environment. This provides the capability for fundamental studies in droplet dynamics as well as containerless processing work. Such systems use acoustic radiation pressure forces to position or to further manipulate (e.g., oscillate) the sample. The primary objective was to determine the effect of a viscous acoustic field/tangential radiation pressure forcing on drop oscillations. To this end, the viscous acoustic field is determined. Modified (forced) hydrodynamic field equations which result from a consistent perturbation expansion scheme are solved. This is done in the separate cases of an unmodulated and a modulated acoustic field. The effect of the tangential radiation stress on the hydrodynamic field (drop oscillations) is found to manifest as a correction to the velocity field in a sublayer region near the drop/host interface. Moreover, the forcing due to the radiation pressure vector at the interface is modified by inclusion of tangential stresses

Interface behavior of a multi-layer fluid configuration subject to acceleration in a microgravity environment, supplement 1

With the increasing opportunities for research in a microgravity environment, there arises a need for understanding fluid mechanics under such conditions. In particular, a number of material processing configurations involve fluid-fluid interfaces which may experience instabilities in the presence of external forcing. In a microgravity environment, these accelerations may be periodic or impulse-type in nature. This research investigates the behavior of a multi-layer idealized fluid configuration which is infinite in extent. The analysis is linear, and each fluid region is considered inviscid, incompressible, and immiscible. An initial parametric study of confiquration stability in the presence of a constant acceleration field is performed. The zero mean gravity limit case serves as the base state for the subsequent time-dependent forcing cases. A stability analysis of the multi-layer fluid system in the presence of periodic forcing is investigated. Floquet theory is utilized. A parameter study is performed, and regions of stability are identified. For the impulse-type forcing case, asymptotic stability is established for the configuration. Using numerical integration, the time response of the interfaces is determined

Nonlinear effects on the natural modes of oscillation of a finite length inviscid fluid column, supplement 2

The aspects of nonlinear behavior of a finite length liquid column is investigated with an emphasis on bridge dynamics. The primary objectives are to determine the nonlinear corrections to the interface shape of a naturally oscillating finite length liquid column and to determine the nonlinear corrections to the oscillation frequencies for various modes of oscillation. Application of the Lindstedt-Poincare expansion in conjunction with the domain perturbation techniques results in an hierarchical system of equations

In vitro Culture of Several Rice Cultivars

Tissue culture methods have been established to regenerate certain rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars, but regeneration of the rice cultivars widely grown in Arkansas has not been reported. This study has established an in vitroculture for the rice cultivars \u27Nortai\u27, \u27Starbonnet\u27, \u27Mars\u27, Tebonnet\u27, \u27Newbonnet\u27, and \u27Lemont\u27. Callus was induced in the dark at either 20 or 28 C from dehusked seeds cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) containing 40 g L^-1 sucrose, 10 g L^1 agar, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg L^-1 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and adjusted to pH 5.7. After four weeks the calli were weighed, transferred onto MS medium containing no 2,4-D, and maintained in a 1 2-h photoperiod (65 uE m^-2 s^-1) at 25 ± 2 C to induce plant regeneration. Callus production was best when cultured on a medium containing 1.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D and incubated at 28 C. Plant regeneration was observed two to four weeks later. The percentage of calli regenerating platlets varied with the cultivar and the callus induction treatment. Callus induction at 20 C on a medium with a 2,4-D level less than 2.0 mg L^-1 enhanced the regenerability of most cultivars. Regenerates were transplanted to soil and grow normally to maturity. This system can be helpful in improving rice cultivars with tissue culture techniques such as somaclonal variant selection and somatic hybridization

A study of UK physiotherapists' study needs in hypermobility and hypermobility syndrome

BACKGROUND: Physiotherapists play a fundamental role in managing adults with hypermobility and hypermobility syndrome (HMS). Access to training and its influence on the physiotherapy treatment of hypermobile adults is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to: i) Explore UK physiotherapists' knowledge of hypermobility and HMS in adults. ii) Establish the relationship between knowledge and training or experience. iii) Investigate the future training preferences of physiotherapists in this area. DESIGN: A nationwide online survey. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design collected quantitative and qualitative data. A validated hypermobility questionnaire was adapted and distributed as a self-administered electronic survey. A panel of expert practitioners confirmed face validity. PARTICIPANTS: UK physiotherapists, experienced in treating adults with musculoskeletal conditions were invited to participate via purposive and snowball sampling of relevant professional networks and clinical interest groups. ANALYSIS: Microsoft Excel and SPSS were used to analyse data. Chi-squared analysis was used to explore relevant associations. Thematic coding of qualitative data was quantitatively analysed. RESULTS: 244 Physiotherapists participated. A significant association was found between training and knowledge of HMS (P < 0.001). Furthermore, training was associated with increased clinical confidence in both assessment (P < 0.001), and management (P < 0.001) of the condition. However, 51% of physiotherapists reported having no training in hypermobility, only 10% had undergone training in hypermobility at undergraduate level and 95% requested further training. CONCLUSION: There are significant gaps in training received by UK physiotherapists' in the assessment and management of HMS, despite the significant association observed between training and the degree of clinical confidence and knowledge reported

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel modulates uterine tone during pregnancy

The importance of gaining insight into the mechanisms underlying uterine quiescence and contractility is highlighted by the absence of an effective strategy to prevent or treat preterm labor, the greatest cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although current evidence suggests that in myometrial smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) calcium homeostasis is modulated near term to promote uterine contractility, the efficacy of blocking voltage-operated calcium channels is limited by dose-related cardiovascular side effects. Thus, we considered whether uterine contractility might be modulated by calcium entry via transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels. In mSMC, TRPV4 gene and protein expression increased with gestation, and TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ entry and contractility were increased in mSMC from pregnant compared to nonpregnant rats. Cell membrane TRPV4 expression was specifically increased, whereas the expression of β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2, molecules that can sequester TRPV4 in the cytoplasm, decreased. Physical interaction of β-arrestin-2 and TRPV4 was apparent in nonpregnant, but absent in pregnant, mouse uterus. Moreover, direct pharmacologic activation of TRPV4 increased uterine contraction, but oxytocin-induced myometrial contraction was blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of TRPV4 and decreased in mice with global deletion of TRPV4. Finally, TRPV4 channel blockade prolonged pregnancy in two distinct in vivomurinemodels of preterm labor, whereas the absence of either β-arrestin-1 or β-arrestin-2 increased susceptibility to preterm labor. These data suggest that TRPV4 channel activity modulates uterine contractility and might represent a therapeutic target to address preterm labor