Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)

We synthesize data on all known extant and fossil Coleoptera family-group names for the first time. A catalogue of 4887 family-group names (124 fossil, 4763 extant) based on 4707 distinct genera in Coleoptera is given. A total of 4492 names are available, 183 of which are permanently invalid because they are based on a preoccupied or a suppressed type genus. Names are listed in a classification framework. We recognize as valid 24 superfamilies, 211 families, 541 subfamilies, 1663 tribes and 740 subtribes. For each name, the original spelling, author, year of publication, page number, correct stem and type genus are included. The original spelling and availability of each name were checked from primary literature. A list of necessary changes due to Priority and Homonymy problems, and actions taken, is given. Current usage of names was conserved, whenever possible, to promote stability of the classification.We would like to sincerely thank the following people for their assistance with nomenclatural and/or bibliographical issues during this project: R. Aalbu (Tenebrionidae), A. Bennett (Hymenoptera), C. Chaboo (Chrysomelidae), C. Bellamy (Buprestidae), L. Bocák (various), M. Bologna (Meloidae), P. Bouchet (Gastropoda), M. Brancucci (publication dates), M. Buck (Hymenoptera), P. Cate (Elateridae), D. Chandler (Anthicidae), C. Costa (Elateridae), J. Cracraft (Aves), J. Cumming (Diptera), H. Douglas (Elateridae), M. Engel (Hymenoptera), W. Eschmeyer (Pisces), N. Evenhuis (Diptera), C. Ferraris (Pisces), G. Flores (literature), R. Foottit (Hemiptera), G. Gibson (Hymenoptera), B. Gill (Scarabaeoidea), M. Gimmel (Cyclaxyridae), V. Grebennikov (various), V. Gusarov (Staphylinidae), A. Hamilton (Hemiptera), L. Herman (Staphylinidae), M. Ivie (Tenebrionoidea), D. Iwan (Coleoptera), E. Jendek (Buprestoidea), P. Johnson (Elateridae), P. Jolivet (Chrysomelidae), S. Kazantsev (literature), I. Kitching (Lepidoptera), J. Kolibáč (Cleridae), H. Labrique (literature), D. Lafontaine (Lepidoptera), S. Laplante (various), M. LeCroy (Aves), S. Laplante (Coleoptera), A. Legalov (Curculionoidea), L. LeSage (Chrysomelidae), R. Leschen (various), I. Löbl (various), O. Lonsdale (Diptera), E. Matthews (Tenebrionidae), O. Merkl (Tenebrionidae), E. Michel (ICZN Cases), J. Muona (Eucnemidae, Elateridae), J. Nieto Nafría (Hemiptera), R. Oberprieler (Curculionoidea), J. O’Hara (Diptera), W. Opitz (Cleridae), D. Pavićević (Staphylinidae), K. Philips (Ptinidae), J. Pinto (Meloidae), G. Poinar (Curculionoidea), D. Pollock (Tenebrionoidea), R. Pyle (Pisces), D. Reeder (Mammalia), F. Riedel (Mollusca), C. Roper (Cephalopoda), C. Schmidt (Lepidoptera), N. Simmons (Mammalia), J. Skevington (Diptera), A. Smetana (various), W. Steiner (Tenebrionidae), M. Thayer (stems, Staphyliniformia), C. Thompson (Diptera), F. Vaz-de-Mello (Scarabaeidae), T. Virro (Rotifera), R. Wharton (Hymenoptera) and Q. Yu (Nematoda). M. Thayer provided data on the correct stem of Coleoptera genera. S. Gamman and P. Madaire, the library staff at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Ottawa), are thanked for their assistance with acquisition of important literature. A. Newton partial grant support for catalog database construction: United States National Science Foundation grants 8814449 (Field Museum Coleoptera collection inventory), 0118749 (south temperate Staphylinidae catalog) and 0715705 (world Staphylinini catalog).Peer Reviewe

Taxonomy, phylogeny and host relationships of the Trichodectidae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera)

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Lygaeus diffusus Walker

Lygaeus diffusus Walker L. diffusus Walker, 1872: 59; Slater, 1964: 51. Graptostethus diffusus (Walker), Distant, 1901: 537. New placement: junior synonym of Graptostethus incomptus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1847) (Lygaeus), syn. nov. Material examined. Lectotype ɗ Lygaeus diffusus Walker, with the following labels: 1. Museum circular green-margined “Walker” type label, with “ TYPE ” pr; 2. small circular blue label with “Celebes” hwr, reverse side “[18] 58 142 ” hwr [BMNH register entry for 1858 142 reads: “Celebes (within 50 miles of Macassar) Purchased of Stevens Collected by Mr Alfred Wallace in 1857 1858]”; 3. “ Lygaeus diffusus ”, pr; 4. red label “LE CTOTYPE”, pr, “ Lygaeus diffusus Walker A. Slater 1977.” hwr. Paralectotype ɗ Lygaeus diffusus Walker, with the following labels: 1. small circular blue label with “ Flores ” hwr; 2. “Saunders 65. 13 ” pr. Paralectotype ɗ Lygaeus diffusus Walker, with the following labels: 1. small circular blue label with “Mak.” hwr; 2. “Celeb Wallace” hwr and pr respectively; 3. “Saunders 65.13 ” pr; 4. “ Lygaeus diffusus Walker’s catal.” pr except diffusus hwr. Remarks. Originally described from three specimens (syntypes) thus: “a. Celebes. From Mr. Wallace’s collection. b. Celebes. Presented by W.W. Saunders, Esq. c. Flores. Presented by W.W. Saunders, Esq.”. Graptostethus incomptus is close to G. s e r v u s (Fabricius), but in the latter the pubescence is far more dense. We place diffusus in synonymy with incomptus after having compared its lectotype with the types (BMNH) of other junior synonyms of incomptus, i.e., G. inornatus Distant and L. inequalis Walker. In addition, the first paralectotype listed above is not a Graptostethus species.Published as part of Kondorosy, El Ő D, Lyal, Christopher Henry Coutts & Webb, Michael Donald, 2006, Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1383 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27366

Aspilocoryphus modestum Distant

Aspilocoryphus modestum Distant Aspilocoryphus modestus Distant, 1909: 320 Lygaeosoma modesta (Distant), Slater, 1964: 67 New placement: Hormopleurus modestus (Distant) comb. nov. Material examined. Syntype Ψ Aspilocoryphus modestum Distant, with the following labels: 1. Museum circular red-margined label with “ TYPE ” pr; 2. “ 109 ” hwr; 3. “ Bombay, Dixon” pr; 4. “Distant Coll. 1911 - 383 ” pr; 5. “ modestus type Dist.” hwr. Remarks. Originally described from an unspecified number of specimens from “ Bombay (Dixon).”. This species has a yellowish ground colour that is paler than in Lygaeosoma species and its connexivum is also pale. It is very close to Hormopleurus nysioides Horváth (1884) and perhaps identical with it, but its pubescence is a little shorter than that of the specimen of nysioides seen. Pending further investigation we place the species in Hormopleurus, but do not make the species synonymy.Published as part of Kondorosy, El Ő D, Lyal, Christopher Henry Coutts & Webb, Michael Donald, 2006, Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1383 on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27366

Lygaeus concisus Walker

Lygaeus concisus Walker L. concisus Walker, 1872: 60 –61. Tropidothorax concisus (Walker); Distant, 1901: 537; Slater, 1964: 225. New placement: junior synonym of Tropidothorax fimbriatus (Dallas, 1852), syn. nov. Material examined. Holotype Ψ Lygaeus concisus Walker, with the following labels: 1. Museum circular green-margined ‘Walker’ type label, with “ TYPE ” pr; 2. “ Lomb” hwr; 3. “ Saunders [18] 65 13 ” pr; 4. “ 127. Lygaeus concisus ” pr. Remarks. Originally described from a single specimen (holotype) from “a. Lombok. Presented by W.W. Saunders Esq.”. The only difference between the type of this species and specimens of Tropidothorax fimbriatus (Dallas) examined, is that in concisus the red spot on the vertex is connected to the red bucculae. However, this attribute is very variable in T. fimbriatus. In addition, their respective type localities (Lombok and Java) and recorded distributions, Lombok to Sumbawa and Ceylon to Bali, respectively, support the placement of T. concisus as a junior synonym of T. fimbriatus.Published as part of Kondorosy, El Ő D, Lyal, Christopher Henry Coutts & Webb, Michael Donald, 2006, Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1383 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27366

Lygaeus (Tropidothorax) tonkinensis Distant

Lygaeus (Tropidothorax) tonkinensis Distant L. (T.) tonkinensis Distant, 1918 b: 421; Slater, 1964: 232. New placement: junior synonym of Tropidothorax maculatus Dallas (1852) (Lygaeus), syn. nov. Material examined. Syntype Ψ Lygaeus (Tropidothorax) tonkinensis Distant, with the following labels: 1. Museum circular red-margined label, with “ TYPE ” pr; 2. “ Lygaeus tonkinensis Dist. type ”, hwr; 3. “Ban Son Mon J. Dist. 1914 ” hwr; 4. “Indo- China. Tonkin, R. V. de Salvaza, 1917 - 98 ” pr. Syntype Ψ Lygaeus (Tropidothorax) tonkinensis Distant, with the following labels: 1. “Indo-China. Tonkin, R. V. de Salvaza, 1917 – 98 ” pr; 2. “Ban Son Mon 7. déc. 1914 ” hwr. Remarks. Originally described from an unspecified number of specimens with data: “Indo-China; Tonkin, Ban Son Moi (R. Vitalis de Salvaza)”. The length given of “ 8-9 mm ” indicates more than one specimen was examined.Published as part of Kondorosy, El Ő D, Lyal, Christopher Henry Coutts & Webb, Michael Donald, 2006, Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1383 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27366

Lygaeosoma orientale Distant

Lygaeosoma orientale Distant Lygaeosoma orientale Distant, 1903: 13, Fig. 7; Slater, 1964: 67. New placement: Aspilocoryphus orientalis (Distant), comb. nov. Material examined. Syntype Ψ Lygaeosoma orientale Distant with the following labels: 1. Museum circular red-margined label with “ TYPE ” pr; 2. “ orientalis Dist. ” hwr; 3. “Ranchi. Irvine” pr; 4. “Distant Coll. 1911 - 383 ” pr. Syntype ɗ, with the following labels: 1. “Ranchi Irvine” pr; 2. “Distant Coll. 1911 - 383.” pr. Syntypes 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, with the following labels: 1. “Ranchi Irvine” pr; 2. “Distant Coll. 1911 - 383.” pr. Remarks. Originally described from an unspecified number of specimens from “Bengal; Ranchi (Irvine).”. This species is not a Lygaeosoma but belongs to the genus Aspilocoryphus (although the orificium of one of the syntypes is not really black, but somewhat paler). See also A. fraternus.Published as part of Kondorosy, El Ő D, Lyal, Christopher Henry Coutts & Webb, Michael Donald, 2006, Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1383 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27366

Lygaeus simla Distant

Lygaeus simla Distant L. simla Distant, 1909: 319; Slater, 1964: 100. New placement: junior synonym of T. leucopterus (Goeze, 1778), syn. nov. Material examined. Syntype ɗ Lygaeus simla Distant, with the following labels: 1. Museum circular red-margined type label, with “ TYPE ” pr; 2. “ Lygaeus simla Dist. type ” hwr; 3. “N. A. Matiana 8000 ft. Simla Hills” pr; 4. “Distant Coll. 1911 – 383.” pr. Remarks. Originally described from an unspecified number of specimens from “ Simla Hills; Matiana (Annandale).”. The type of this species very clearly belongs to the genus Tropidothorax, because of the structure of its pronotum and scutellum (median ridges on the anterior lobe of pronotum and on scutellum without a transverse elevation on scutellum forming a “T” with the ridge). As there is no substantial difference between L. simla and the wide-spread species T. leucopterus (Goeze), the two are here synonymised. The type of leucopterus has not been studied, but as it is the only species of the genus in the West Palaearctic subregion its identity is not in question.Published as part of Kondorosy, El Ő D, Lyal, Christopher Henry Coutts & Webb, Michael Donald, 2006, Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1383 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27366

Melanotelus sordidus Distant

Melanotelus sordidus Distant M. sordidus Distant, 1918 a: 180 –181. Lygaeosoma sordida (Distant), Slater, 1964: 72. Melanotelus sordidus Distant, Slater & Sperry, 1973: 157. New placement: Lygaeosoma sordidum (Distant), comb. nov. Material examined. Syntype Ψ Melanotelus sordidus Distant, with the following labels: 1. museum circular red-margined label with “ TYPE ” pr; 2. “ Melanotelus sordidus type Dist.” hwr; 3. “Nandidrug, S. India. T.V. Campbell” pr; 4. “ 26 2 ” hwr; 5. “S. India. E.A. Butler. 1915 - 60 ” pr. Other material, syntypes (?) (see “Introduction - Distant’s Indian types from T.V. Campbell”). 2 ɗɗ, with the following labels: 1. “N. Dg. [= Nandidrug] 10. 13.” hwr. on underside of specimen mount). 2. “South India T. V. Campbell Coll. B. M. 1930 - 599.” pr; 3. “ Lygaeosoma sordidus Dist ” hwr, “C. H. Lyal det. 1977 ” pr. Remarks. Originally described from an unspecified number of specimens from “South India; Nandidrug (T.V Campbell).”. This species is similar to L. pusillum (Dallas), but its head is mostly red and the abdomen dark. The synonymy of these two species is possible, but needs further investigation. L. contaminatum Distant is also another possible synonym (Chopra and Rustagi, 1982). Based on the registration dates, only the first mentioned of the above material examined predates Distant’s description of the species. It is possible however that the remaining specimens are syntypes (see “Introduction - Distant’s Indian types from T.V. Campbell”). We consider sordidus to belong in Lygaeosoma (and not Melanotelus, as stated by Slater & Sperry, 1973), because it has long curved erect dorsal pubescence, hemelytra veins pale, and the connexivum bicoloured, features that are absent in Melanotelus.Published as part of Kondorosy, El Ő D, Lyal, Christopher Henry Coutts & Webb, Michael Donald, 2006, Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1383 on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27366

Graptostethus dixoni Distant

<i>Graptostethus dixoni</i> Distant <p> <i>G</i>. <i>dixoni</i> Distant, 1903: 10 –11; Slater, 1964: 51.</p> <p> <b>New placement:</b> <i>Aspilocoryphus dixoni</i> (Distant), <b>comb. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Syntype ɗ <i>Graptostethus dixoni</i> Distant, with the following labels: 1. Museum circular red-margined label with “ TYPE ” pr; 2. “ dixoni Dist. ” hwr; 3. “Khandala. Dixon.” hwr; 4. “Distant Coll. 1911-383.” pr.</p> <p> Syntypes 1 ɗ, 3 ΨΨ, 2? (without abdomen) <i>Graptostethus dixoni</i> Distant, with the following labels: 1. “ Bombay (Dixon)” hwr; 3. “Distant Coll. 1911-383.” pr.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Originally described from an unspecified number of specimens (syntypes) from “ Bombay; Khandala (Dixon).”. This species must be excluded from <i>Graptostethus</i> on the grounds that the vertex and orificium are black, and there is a transverse white spot on the anterior part of the tegminal membrane. These characters place the species in the genus <i>Aspilocoryphus</i>. It is very similar to <i>A. mendicus</i> (Fabricius, 1775), and probably identical with it, but the type material of the latter has not been seen, and therefore synonymy is deferred.</p>Published as part of <i>Kondorosy, El Ő D, Lyal, Christopher Henry Coutts & Webb, Michael Donald, 2006, Nomenclatorial changes in Oriental Lygaeinae seed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1383</i> on page 49, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/273666">10.5281/zenodo.273666</a&gt