Proportion of participants with serotype-specific IgG concentrations ≥0.35 µg/ml.

<p>*Binomial exact confidence interval;</p><p>**P Value from chi-square test of proportions at 40 months, no comparisons were made at 41 months as almost all proportions were 1;</p>†<p>Serotypes only present in PCV-13.</p

Serotype-specific geometric mean concentrations before and after the booster at 40 and 41 months of age with t-tests.

<p>**P value from independent samples t-test using Satterthwaites method for unequal variances where appropriate.</p>†<p>Serotypes only present in PCV-13 vaccine.</p

Proportion of participants with serotype-specific OPA titers ≥8.

<p>*Binomial exact confidence interval;</p><p>**P Value from chi-square test of proportions at 40 months, no comparisons were made at 41 months as all proportions were 1;</p>†<p>Serotypes only present in PCV-13.</p

Summary of study participants’ characteristics.

<p>Summary of study participants’ characteristics.</p

Serotype-specific geometric mean OPA titers before and after the booster at 40 and 41 months of age with t-tests.

<p>**P value from independent samples t-test using Satterthwaites method for unequal variances where appropriate.</p>†<p>Serotypes only present in PCV-13 vaccine.</p

Standardized number of serotypes above thresholds.

<p>Box plots of standardized number of serotypes above thresholds (IgG ≥0.35 µg/ml and OPA titers ≥8) at 3.5 years in each of the groups [standardized to 13 serotypes]. The median is shown as a line across the box with the box representing the lower and upper quartiles. Whiskers extend to the maximum or minimum values within 1.5 times the IQR above and below the 3^rd and 1^st quartile, respectively. Points outside this range are represented as dots.</p

Flow chart of participants through the study.

<p>Flow chart of participants through the study.</p

Proportion of participants with serotype-specific IgG concentrations and OPA titers above thresholds.

<p>Proportion of participants with serotype-specific IgG concentrations and OPA titers above a threshold of 0.35 µg/ml and 8, respectively, for each of the serotypes before (40 months, 40 mo) and after (41 months, 41 mo) the PCV-13 booster. Shown are mean values along with their 95% confidence intervals. Red lines are shown at the bottom if p-values from chi-square test of proportions between the groups were significant (p-values ≤0.05, ≤0.01, ≤0.001, and ≤0.0001 are represented by 1, 2, 3, and 4 lines).</p

Injection fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

Background: When vaccination depends on injection, it is plausible that the blood-injectioninjury cluster of fears may contribute to hesitancy. Our primary aim was to estimate in the UK adult population the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy explained by blood-injectioninjury fears.Methods: 15,014 UK adults, quota sampled to match the population for age, gender, ethnicity, income, and region, took part (19th January–5th February 2021) in a nonprobability online survey. The Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale assessed intent to be vaccinated. Two scales (Specific Phobia Scale-blood-injection-injury phobia; Medical Fear Survey–injections and blood subscale) assessed blood-injection-injury fears. Four items from these scales were used to create a factor score specifically for injection fears.Results: 3927 (26.2%) screened positive for blood-injection-injury phobia. Individuals screening positive (22.0%) were more likely to report COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy than individuals screening negative (11.5%), odds ratio=2.18, CI: 1.97-2.40, pConclusions: Across the adult population, blood-injection-injury fears may explain approximately 10% of cases of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Addressing such fears will likely improve the effectiveness of vaccination programmes.</div

Additional file 1: of A multi-centre randomised trial to compare the effectiveness of geriatrician-led admission avoidance hospital at home versus inpatient admission

Standard Protocol Items Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 checklist recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. (DOC 121 kb