The application of halloysite tubule nanoclay in drug delivery

© 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.ABSTRACT: Introduction: Natural and biocompatible clay nanotubes are among the best inorganic materials for drug nanoformulations. These halloysite tubes with SiO2 on the outermost surface have diameter of ca. 50 nm, length around 1 micrometer and may be loaded with drugs at 10-30 wt. %. Narrow tube openings allow for controllable sustained drug release for hours, days or even weeks. Areas covered: Physical-chemical properties of these nanotubes are described followed by examples of drug-loading capabilities, release characteristics, and control of duration of release through the end tube capping with polymers. Development of halloysite–polymer composites such as tissue scaffolds and bone cement/dentist resin formulations with enhanced mechanical properties and extension of the drug release to 2-3 weeks are described. Examples of the compression properties of halloysite in tablets and capsules are also shown. Expert opinion: We expect that clay nanotubes will be used primarily for non-injectable drug formulations, such as topical and oral dosage forms, cosmetics, as well as for composite materials with enhanced therapeutic effects. These include tissue scaffolds, bone cement and dentist resins with sustained release of antimicrobial and cell growth-promoting medicines (including proteins and DNA) as well as other formulations such as compounds for antiseptic treatment of hospitals

Evaluation of toxicity of nanoclays and graphene oxide: in vivo A Paramecium caudatum study

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.We report here the successful use of a protozoan model organism P. caudatum to investigate the toxicity of clay nanoparticles (montmorillonite, halloysite, kaolin, and bentonite), silica nanospheres and graphene oxide nanoflakes. The distribution of nanoparticles inside the cells was investigated using enhanced dark-field microscopy. Biochemical and behavioural tests were employed to study the viability, vitality, nutrition and oxidative stress induction in ciliate protozoans. The nanoclay particles studied here exhibited very low or no toxicity towards P. caudatum, whereas graphene oxide was toxic

Enzyme-activated intracellular drug delivery with tubule clay nanoformulation

Fabrication of stimuli-triggered drug delivery vehicle s is an important milestone in treating cancer. Here we demonstrate the selective anticancer drug delivery into human cells with biocompatible 50-nm diameter halloysite nanotube carriers. Physically-adsorbed dextrin end stoppers secure the intercellular release of brilliant green. Drug-loaded nanotubes penetrate through the cellular membranes and their uptake efficiency depends on the cells growth rate. Intercellular glycosyl hydrolases-mediated decomposition of the dextrin tube-end stoppers triggers the release of the lumen-loaded brilliant green, which allowed for preferable elimination of human lung carcinoma cells (Crossed D sign 549) as compared with hepatoma cells (Hep3b). The enzyme-activated intracellular delivery of brilliant green using dextrin-coated halloysite nanotubes is a promising platform for anticancer treatment

Biosensor-controlled gene therapy/drug delivery with nanoparticles for nanomedicine

Nanomedicine involves cell-by-cell regenerative medicine, either repairing cells one at a time or triggering apoptotic pathways in cells that are not repairable. Multilayered nanoparticle systems are being constructed for the targeted delivery of gene therapy to single cells. Cleavable shells containing targeting, biosensing, and gene therapeutic molecules are being constructed to direct nanoparticles to desired intracellular targets. Therapeutic gene sequences are controlled by biosensor-activated control switches to provide the proper amount of gene therapy on a single cell basis. The central idea is to set up gene therapy "nanofactories" inside single living cells. Molecular biosensors linked to these genes control their expression. Gene delivery is started in response to a biosensor detected problem; gene delivery is halted when the cell response indicates that more gene therapy is not needed

Evolution of hair treatment and care: Prospects of nanotube-based formulations

A new approach for hair treatment through coating with nanotubes loaded with drugs or dyes for coloring is suggested. This coating is produced by nanotube self-assembly, resulting in stable 2–3 μm thick layers. For medical treatment such formulations allow for sustained long-lasting drug delivery directly on the hair surface, also enhanced in the cuticle openings. For coloring, this process allows avoiding a direct hair contact with dye encased inside the clay nanotubes and provides a possibility to load water insoluble dyes from an organic solvent, store the formulation for a long time in dried form, and then apply to hair as an aqueous nanotube suspension. The described technique works with human and other mammal hairs and halloysite nanoclay coating is resilient against multiple shampoo washing. The most promising, halloysite tubule clay, is a biocompatible natural material which may be loaded with basic red, blue, and yellow dyes for optimized hair color, and also with drugs (e.g., antilice care-permethrin) to enhance the treatment efficiency with sustained release. This functionalized nanotube coating may have applications in human medical and beauty formulations, as well as veterinary applications. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Council on grants of the President of the Russian FederationMinistério da Ciência e Tecnologia, MCT: SFRH/BD/136892/2018Funding: This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, Programa Operacional Capital Humano # SFRH/BD/136892/2018, Portugal and the Russian Federation, # 02.A03.21.0006, act 211

Lapatinib/Paclitaxel polyelectrolyte nanocapsules for overcoming multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer.

The sonication-assisted layer-by-layer (SLBL) technology was developed to combine necessary factors for an efficient drug-delivery system: (i) control of nanocolloid size within 100 - 300 nm, (ii) high drug content (70% wt), (iii) shell biocompatibility and biodegradability, (iv) sustained controlled release, and (v) multidrug-loaded system. Stable nanocolloids of Paclitaxel (PTX) and lapatinib were prepared by the SLBL method. In a multidrug-resistant (MDR) ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR-3, lapatinib/PTX nanocolloids mediated an enhanced cell growth inhibition in comparison with the PTX-only treatment. A series of in vitro cell assays were used to test the efficacy of these formulations. The small size and functional versatility of these nanoparticles, combined with their ability to incorporate various drugs, indicates that lapatinib/PTX nanocolloids may have in vivo therapeutic applications

Nanomodified Bacteria Alcanivorax Borkumensis as an Indicator of Carbohydrates in Sea Water

The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant № 18-34-00778), by Program of Competitive Growth of KFU and funded by Russian presidential grant (MK-4498.2018.4)

Pion and Sigma Polarizabilities and Radiative Transitions

Fermilab E781 plans measurements of gamma-Sigma and $\gamma$-pion interactions using a 600 GeV beam of Sigmas and pions, and a virtual photon target. Pion polarizabilities and radiative transitions will be measured in this experiment. The former can test a precise prediction of chiral symmetry; the latter for a_1(1260) ----> pi + gamma is important for understanding the polarizability. The experiment also measures polarizabilities and radiative transitions for Sigma hyperons. The polarizabilities can test predictions of baryon chiral perturbation theory. The radiative transitions to the Sigma*(1385) provide a measure of the magnetic moment of the s-quark. Previous experimental and theoretical results for gamma-pi and gamma-Sigma interactions are given. The E781 experiment is described.Comment: 13 pages text (tex), Tel Aviv U. Preprint TAUP 2204-94, uses Springer-Verlag TEX macro package lecproc.cmm (appended at end of tex file, following \byebye), which requires extracting lecproc.cmm and putting this file in your directory in addition to the tex file (mmcd.tex) before tex processing. lecproc.cmm should be used following instructions and guidelines available from Springer-Verlag. Submitted to the Proceedings of Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July 1994, Eds. A. Bernstein, B. Holstein. Replaced Oct. 4 to add TAUP preprint number. Replaced Oct. 12 to correct Pb target thickness from 1.3% interaction to 0.3