Alterações neuroendócrinas causadas por disruptores endócrinos: o exemplo do Bisfenol A

Los contaminantes ambientales, como los disruptores endocrinos,podrían provocar profundos cambios en los seres vivos. Aqui se analizan las alteraciones neuroendocrinas y reproductivas en mamíferos, incluyendo las descriptas en humanos, causadas por una molécula de origen industrial, el Bisfenol A.Exposure to endocrine disruptors may produce profound alterations in several species. As an example, the neuroendocrine and reproductive alterations due to Bisphenol A in mammals are summarized here.Os contaminantes ambientais, como os disruptores endócrinos, poderiam provocar profundas alterações nos seres vivos. Aqui são analisadas as alterações neuroendócrinas e reprodutivas em mamíferos, incluindo as descritas em humanos, causadas por uma molécula de origem industrial,o Bisfenol AFil: Bourguignon, Nadia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Marina . Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Libertun, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentin

Hexachlorobenzene triggers apoptosis in rat thyroid follicular cells

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a widespread environmental pollutant. Chronic exposure of humans to HCB produces a number of effects, such as triggering of porphyria, increased synthesis of liver microsomal enzymes, neurological symptoms, immunological disorders and thyroid dysfunctions. In rats HCB induced hepatic porphyria, neurotoxic effects and toxic effects on the reproductive system, thyroid function and immune system. HCB is also known to cause tumors of the liver, thyroid and mammary gland in laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to investigate parameters of thyroid growth regulation, mainly cell proliferation and apoptosis in thyroid tissue from HCB (0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 500 mg/kg body weight)-treated female Wistar rats. The current study demonstrates that only the exposure to the highest HCB dose for 30 days, has adverse effects on thyroid endpoints examined related to thyroid gland morphology, and 3,3´,5,5´-tetraiodothyronine (T(4,) thyroxine) serum levels, without changes in TSH concentrations or in thyroid gland weight. Morphological changes, included flattened epithelium and increased colloid size compared with control tissue. Transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) mRNA levels, evaluated by RT-PCR, revealed a significant upregulation after exposure to HCB (1, 10, 100 mg/kg body weight). Cell proliferation evaluated by 5´-Br deoxiuridine (BrdU) incorporation into DNA, was not altered at any dose. HCB (1, 10, 100 mg/kg body weight) induces apoptosis, evaluated by in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA, TUNEL, in rat thyroid glands. This process is associated with dose-dependent increases in cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and procaspase-9 processing to its active product. Caspase-8 was not activated. These studies indicate that doses of HCB that do not disrupt thyroid economy induce TGF-beta1 expression and apoptosis in the thyroid gland, involving the mitochondrial pathway.Fil: Chiappini, Florencia Ana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Randi, Andrea Silvana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kleiman, Diana Leonor. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Participación de los receptores GABA B en la regulación del eje gonadotrófico: evaluación en ratones GABAB1 (-/-).

Hasta el momento, los estudios realizados sobre la participación de los receptores GABAB (RGABAB) en la regulación neuroendocrina habían sido llevados a cabo a través de abordajes farmacológicos, mediante la utilización de agonistas y antagonistas específicos. En el presente trabajo utilizamos el modelo de ratón GABAB1 -/- para analizar las consecuencias endocrinas de la falta constitutiva de los RGABAB en la unidad hipotálamohipófiso-gonadal. No observamos diferencias en los contenidos hipofisarios ni en los niveles séricos de LH y FSH entre los genotipos en ningún sexo. Sin embargo, nuestros estudios in vitro, demostraron la existencia de alteraciones de la fisiología de los gonadotropos provenientes de hembras GABAB1 -/-, con una secreción basal aumentada de gonadotropinas y una menor respuesta al estímulo con GnRH. Al analizar más específicamente la funcionalidad del eje en estos ratones, encontramos alteraciones en el aumento de LH postcastración en las hembras, confirmando la participación de los RGABAB en este fenómeno. Por otro lado, en las hembras GABAB1 -/- adultas demostramos la presencia de alteraciones en el contenido hipotalámico de GnRH, el cual estaba francamente disminuido, y su secreción pulsátil, en la que se observa un aumento significativo de la frecuencia de los pulsos de GnRH. También observamos un aumento en los contenidos hipotalámicos de neurotransmisores aminoacídicos (GABA y glutamato) que podrían afectar la liberación de GnRH. Por otro lado, determinamos que las hembras GABAB1 -/- presentaron alteraciones en la ciclicidad, con bajo porcentaje de proestros y presencia de prolongados estros. Además, su función reproductiva se vio claramente afectada, mostrando un menor índice de preñez y una marcada disminución de preñeces exitosas. Todas la alteraciones que observamos a diferentes niveles del eje gonadotrófico en las hembras GABAB1 -/-, destacando especialmente las alteraciones en la secreción de GnRH, probablemente determinen las alteraciones demostradas en la ciclicidad y fertilidad de estos animales. El presente estudio confirma la importante participación de los RGABAB en la regulación del eje hipotálamo-hipófiso-gonadal, y podría ayudar a esclarecer desórdenes endocrinos y reproductivos que pueden aparecer en patologías en las que los RGABAB podrían estar involucrados, como son la epilepsia, la espasticidad, la ansiedad, la depresión y la adicción.Studies undertaken to reveal the participation of GABAB receptors on neuroendocrine regulation had been performed by pharmacological approaches, using specific agonists or antagonists of the GABAB receptor. In this work we used the GABAB1 -/- mouse model to analyze the endocrine consequences of the constitutive lack of functional GABAB receptors on hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal physiology. Pituitary gonadotropin content as well as LH and FSH serum levels did not differ between wild-type mice and GABAB1 -/- in either sex. Nevertheless, our in vitro studies showed physiologic alterations in gonadotropes from adult female GABAB1 -/- mice, showing increased basal secretion and impaired response to GnRH. When further analyzing the physiology of the gonadotropin axis in these mice, we observed an altered increase in post-gonadectomy LH rise in GABAB1 -/- females, confirming the participation of GABAB receptors in this event. In addition, we demonstrated that adult GABAB1 -/- females had decreased hypothalamic GnRH contents and an increased frequency in GnRH pulsatile secretion. Increases in hypothalamic amino acidic neurotransmitters (GABA and glutamate) contents were also observed in GABAB1 -/- females, which could affect GnRH secretion. We also showed that GABAB1 -/- females had altered estrous cycles with a decrease of the number of days in proestrus and an increase of the days in estrus. Moreover, their reproductive function was significantly affected, showing a decreased pregnancy index and a decrease in successful pregnancies. All the alterations at different levels of the gonadotropic axis observed in GABAB1 -/- females, determine the abnormal estrous cycles and pregnancies, probably being GnRH pulsatility the most important factor. The present study confirms the participation of GABAB receptors in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and could help to elucidate endocrine and reproductive disorders that are present in pathologies involving compromise of GABAB receptors such as epilepsy, anxiety, depression and addiction.Fil: Catalano, Paolo Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bonaventura, Maria Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Di Giorgio, Noelia Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Libertun, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Hyperprolactinemia induced by hCG leads to metabolic disturbances in female mice

The metabolic syndrome is a growing epidemic; it increases the risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver, and several cancers. Several reports have indicated a link between hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance or obesity. Transgenic (TG) female mice overexpressing the human chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit (hCGβ+ mice) exhibit constitutively elevated levels of hCG, increased production of testosterone, progesterone and prolactin, and obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of hCG hypersecretion on possible alterations in the glucose and lipid metabolism of adult TG females. We evaluated fasting serum insulin, glucose, and triglyceride levels in adult hCGβ+ females and conducted intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests at different ages. TG female mice showed hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and dyslipidemia, as well as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance at 6 months of age. A 1-week treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline applied on 5-week-old hCGβ+ mice, which corrected hyperprolactinemia, hyperandrogenism, and hyperprogesteronemia, effectively prevented the metabolic alterations. These data indicate a key role of the hyperprolactinemia-induced gonadal dysfunction in the metabolic disturbances of hCGβ+ female mice. The findings prompt further studies on the involvement of gonadotropins and prolactin on metabolic disorders and might pave the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies.Fil: Ratner, Laura Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Stevens, Guillermina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bonaventura, Maria Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Poutanen, Matti. University of Turku; FinlandiaFil: Calandra, Ricardo Saul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T.. University of Turku; FinlandiaFil: Rulli, Susana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

In-vitro exposure to endocrine disruptors alters inflammatory markers in whole hypothalami and immortalized GnRH neurons

Bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer of polycarbonate plastics, and Benzophenones (BPs), UV-filters, are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). The hypothesis is that EDC exposure causes brain inflammation and predisposes animals to develop obesity and infertility. Previous results showed that the in-vitro exposure to BPA increases Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in hypothalami and IL-18 in mature GnRH neurons. Here, gene expression of cytokines (interleukins 6 and 1β, IL-6 and IL-1β) were evaluated in whole hypothalami of adult Balb/c mice and in immortalized GnRH neurons.Fil: Riaño Gómez, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Sorianello, Eleonora Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Libertun, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Marina Olga. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaENDO 2021WashingtonEstados UnidosThe Endocrine Societ

Maternal taurine supplementation in rats partially prevents the adverse effects of early-life protein deprivation on b-cell function and insulin sensitivity

Dietary protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation in rats impairs b-cell function and mass in neonates and leads to glucose intolerance in adult offspring. Maternal taurine (Tau) supplementation during pregnancy in rats restores b-cell function and mass in neonates, but its long-term effects are unclear. The prevention of postnatal catch-up growth has been suggested to improve glucose tolerance in adult offspring of low-protein (LP)-fed mothers. The objective of this study was to examine the relative contribution of b-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to impaired glucose tolerance in 130-day-old rat offspring of LP-fed mothers and the effects of maternal Tau supplementation on b-cell function and insulin resistance in these offspring. Pregnant rats were fed i) control, ii) LP, and iii) LPCTau diets during gestation and lactation. Offspring were given a control diet following weaning. A fourth group consisting of offspring of LP-fed mothers, maintained on a LP diet following weaning, was also studied (LP-all life). Insulin sensitivity in the offspring of LP-fed mothers was reduced in females but not in males. In both genders, LP exposure decreased b-cell function. Tau supplementation improved insulin sensitivity in females and b-cell function in males. The LP-all life diet improved b-cell function in males. We conclude that i) maternal Tau supplementation has persistent effects on improving glucose metabolism (b-cell function and insulin sensitivity) in adult rat offspring of LP-fed mothers and ii) increasing the amount of protein in the diet of offspring adapted to a LP diet after weaning may impair glucose metabolism (b-cell function) in a gender-specific manner.Fil: Tang, Christine. University Of Toronto; Canadá;Fil: Marchand, K.elly. University of Western Ontario. Lawson Health Research Institute; Canadá;Fil: Lam, Loretta. University Of Toronto; Canadá;Fil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Thyssen, Sandra M.. University of Western Ontario. Lawson Health Research Institute; Canadá;Fil: Guo, June. University Of Toronto; Canadá;Fil: Giacca, A.dria. University Of Toronto; Canadá;Fil: Arany, Edith. University of Western Ontario. Lawson Health Research Institute; Canadá

Variation in progesterone receptors and GnRH expression in the hypothalamus of the pregnant South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Mammalia, Rodentia)

In mammals, elevated levels of progesterone (P4) throughout gestation maintain a negative feedback over the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal (H-H-G) axis, avoiding preovulatory follicular growth and preventing ovulation. Recent studies showed that in the South American plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) folliculogenesis progresses to preovulatory stages during gestation, and an ovulatory process seems to occur at midgestation. The aim of this work was to analyze hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and P4 receptors (PR) expression and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and correlate these with the functional state of the ovary in nonovulating and ovulating females and gestating females with special emphasis in the supposedly ovulating females at midgestation. We investigated P4 and LH serum levels as well as the distribution, localization, and expression of PR and GnRH in the hypothalamus of L. maximus at different time points during gestation and in nongestating, ovulating and nonovulating, females. A significant increment in GnRH, P4, and LH was detected in midpregnant vizcachas with respect to early-pregnant and to ovulating females. PR was also significantly increased in midpregnant animals. PR was detected in neurons of the preoptic and hypothalamic areas. Coexistence of both PR and GnRH in neurons of medial preoptic area and supraoptic nucleus was detected. Midpregnant animals showed increased number of PR immunoreactive cells at median eminence, localized adjacently to GnRH immunoreactive fibers. High expression of hypothalamic GnRH and PR, despite an increased level of P4, was correlated with the presence of antral, preovulatory follicles, and luteinized unruptured follicles at midgestation that suggest a possible role of the H-H-G axis in the modulation of ovulation during gestationFil: Dorfman, Verónica Berta. Universidad Maimónides. Area de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos; ArgentinaFil: Saucedo, Lucia. Universidad Maimónides. Area de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos; ArgentinaFil: Di Giorgio, Noelia Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Inserra, Pablo Ignacio Felipe. Universidad Maimónides. Area de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos; ArgentinaFil: Fraunhoffer Navarro, Nicolas Alejandro. Universidad Maimónides. Area de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos; ArgentinaFil: Leopardo, Noelia Paola. Universidad Maimónides. Area de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos; ArgentinaFil: Halperin, Julia. Universidad Maimónides. Area de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos; ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Vitullo, Alfredo Daniel. Universidad Maimónides. Area de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos; Argentin

Hypothalamic GnRH expression and pulsatility depends on a balance of prolactin receptors in the plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus

In mammals, gestation is considered a physiological hyperprolactinemia status. Prolactin (PRL) is one of the modulators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons function. The South American plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) is a unique model to study the regulation of hypothalamic GnRH neurons by direct and indirect steroid-dependent pathways. The aim was to characterize the hypothalamic expression of endocrine markers in vizcacha during gestation as well as their response to experimental induced hyperprolactinemia. The possible involvement of PRL regulatory pathways on GnRH in the context of hypothalamic and pituitary reactivation in mid-gestating vizcachas was discussed. Using two in vivo approaches, we determined changes in the hypothalamic expression and distribution of prolactin receptor (PRLR), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and dopamine type 2 receptor. A significant increment in the number of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons was determined in the arcuate nucleus from early to term pregnancy. On the other hand, at preoptic area, the number of both TH+PRLR+ and GnRH+PRLR+ double-labeled neurons significantly decreased at mid-pregnancy probably allowing the recovery of GnRH expression indicating that both types of neurons may represent the key points of PRL indirect and direct pathways modulating GnRH. Moreover, in a model of induced hyperprolactinemic vizcachas, the inhibitory effect of PRL on GnRH at both expression and delivery levels were confirmed. These results suggest the concomitant participation of both PRL regulatory pathways on GnRH modulation and pinpoint the key role of PRL on GnRH expression enabling the recovery of the hypothalamic activity during the gestation in this species.Fil: Cortasa, Santiago Andrés. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schmidt, Alejandro Raúl. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Proietto, Sofia. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Corso, María Clara. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Inserra, Pablo Ignacio Felipe. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Giorgio, Noelia Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Vitullo, Alfredo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; ArgentinaFil: Halperin, Julia. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dorfman, Verónica Berta. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Immunomodulatory oligonucleotide IMT504: effects on mesenchymal stem cells as a first-in-class immunoprotective/immunoregenerative therapy

The immune responses of humans and animals to insults (i.e., infections, traumas, tumoral transformation and radiation) are based on an intricate network of cells and chemical messengers. Abnormally high inflammation immediately after insult or abnormally prolonged pro-inflammatory stimuli bringing about chronic inflammation can lead to life-threatening or severely debilitating diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplant has proved to be an effective therapy in preclinical studies which evaluated a vast diversity of inflammatory conditions. MSCs lead to resolution of inflammation, preparation for regeneration and actual regeneration, and then ultimate return to normal baseline or homeostasis. However, in clinical trials of transplanted MSCs, the expectations of great medical benefit have not yet been fulfilled. As a practical alternative to MSC transplant, a synthetic drug with the capacity to boost endogenous MSC expansion and/or activation may also be effective. Regarding this, IMT504, the prototype of a major class of immunomodulatory oligonucleotides, induces in vivo expansion of MSCs, resulting in a marked improvement in preclinical models of neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, diabetes and sepsis. IMT504 is easily manufactured and has an excellent preclinical safety record. In the small number of patients studied thus far, IMT504 has been well-tolerated, even at very high dosage. Further clinical investigation is necessary to demonstrate the utility of IMT504 for resolution of inflammation and regeneration in a broad array of human diseases that would likely benefit from an immunoprotective/immunoregenerative therapy.Fil: Zorzopulos, Jorge. Immunotech; ArgentinaFil: Opal, Steven M.. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island; Estados Unidos. Alpert Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Hernando Insúa, Andrés. Fundación Pablo Cassara; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Juan M.. Fundación Pablo Cassara; ArgentinaFil: Elías, Fernanda. Fundación Pablo Cassara; ArgentinaFil: Fló, Juan. Immunotech; ArgentinaFil: López, Ricardo A.. Imunotech; ArgentinaFil: Chasseing, Norma Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Coronel, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Franco, Raul. Imunotech; ArgentinaFil: Montaner, Alejandro D. Fundación Pablo Cassara; ArgentinaFil: Horn, David L. David Horn Llc; Estados Unido

Both orexin receptors are expressed in rat ovaries and fluctuate with the estrous cycle. Effects of orexin receptor antagonists on gonadotropins and ovulation

Orexins are peptides controlling feeding, sleep, and neuroendocrine functions. They are synthesized by the hypothalamus with projections throughout the brain. Orexins and their orexin 1 (OX(1)) and orexin 2 receptors (OX(2)) are present outside the central nervous system. Here the expression of preproorexin (PPO), OX(1), and OX(2) was studied in rat ovaries. PPO, OX(1), and OX(2) were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in ovaries of cycling Sprague-Dawley rats on all days of the cycle. Serum hormones and food consumption were determined. Ovarian OX(1) and OX(2) expression was then studied after ovulation blockade with Cetrorelix or Nembutal. Finally, proestrous rats were treated at 1400 and 1900 with a selective OX(1) antagonist (SB-334867-A) and/or a selective OX(2) antagonist (JNJ-10397049), and hormone levels, ovulation, and ovarian histology were studied. Both receptors' expression increased in the ovary between 1700 and 2300 of proestrus exclusively, in coincidence with hormone peaks, but not with the dark-light cycle or food intake. PPO was not detected. Cetrorelix or Nembutal prevented the increases of OX(1) and OX(2) while blunting gonadotropin peaks. SB-334867-A and JNJ-10397049, alone or combined, decreased serum gonadotropins and reduced ova number the following morning; ovaries showed a bloody (hyperemic and/or hemorrhagic) reaction with more preovulatory follicles and less corpora lutea. Here we demonstrate for the first time an increased ovarian expression of both OX(1) and OX(2), only during proestrous afternoon, and its hormone dependence but not dependence on the dark-light cycle. Two new receptor antagonists reduced proestrous gonadotropins and/or ova number while producing ovarian structural changes.Fil: Silveyra, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Lux, Victoria Adela R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Libertun, Carlos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin