Unified constitutive equations to describe elastoplastic and damage behavior of an X100 linepipe steel

International audienceThe deformation and fracture of the high strength steel which is used to fabricate grade X100 steel pipe were investigated at room temperature, on plate and pipe. Anisotropic behaviour was characterized by using tensile tests conducted along different directions. The fracture toughness of plate and pipe materials are compared using compact tension (CT) and Charpy V-notched tests. In both cases, these materials give rise to good fracture properties. The aim of the present study is to establish unified constitutive equations able to describe the elastoplastic and damage behavior of one X100 linepipe steel. The model is then used to simulate three point bending and compact tension tests

Rupture ductile d'un acier haute résistance X100 pour transport de gaz naturel : caractérisation et simulation

International audienceCette étude concerne la dechirure ductile d'un acier a haute limite d'élasticite utilise pour la construction des gazoducs. Le comportement anisotrope du matériau est caractérisé par des essais sur eprouvettes de traction lisse suivant trois directions principales et sur éprouvettes axisymetriques entaillées. La ténacite et la résilience sont determinéees sur des éprouvettes CT(05T) et Charpy V. L'acier étudié possède une bonne ténacité. L'objectif de l'étude est d'établir un modele de comportement et d'endommagement pour décrire la déformation et la rupture du materiau. Une extension du modèle Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) à l'anisotropie est utilisée. Les paramètres du modele sont ajustés sur les eprouvettes de laboratoire. La transférabilitée sur les grandes plaques en pleine épaisseur est verifiee. La propagation de dechirure ductile sur de grandes distances (plus de 100mm) est simulée

The Virome of Acute Respiratory Diseases in Individuals at Risk of Zoonotic Infections

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasizes the need to actively study the virome of unexplained respiratory diseases. We performed viral metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis of 91 nasal-throat swabs from individuals working with animals and with acute respiratory diseases. Fifteen virus RT-PCR-positive samples were included as controls, while the other 76 samples were RT-PCR negative for a wide panel of respiratory pathogens. Eukaryotic viruses detected by mNGS were then screened by PCR (using primers based on mNGS-derived contigs) in all samples to compare viral detection by mNGS versus PCR and assess the utility of mNGS in routine diagnostics. mNGS identified expected human rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, influenza A virus, coronavirus OC43, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A in 13 of 15 (86.7%) positive control samples. Additionally, rotavirus, torque teno virus, human papillomavirus, human betaherpesvirus 7, cyclovirus, vientovirus, gemycircularvirus, and statovirus were identified through mNGS. Notably, complete genomes of novel cyclovirus, gemycircularvirus, and statovirus were genetically characterized. Using PCR screening, the novel cyclovirus was additionally detected in 5 and the novel gemycircularvirus in 12 of the remaining samples included for mNGS analysis. Our studies therefore provide pioneering data of the virome of acute-respiratory diseases from individuals at risk of zoonotic infections. The mNGS protocol/pipeline applied here is sensitive for the detection of a variety of viruses, including novel ones. More frequent detections of the novel viruses by PCR than by mNGS on the same samples suggests that PCR remains the most sensitive diagnostic test for viruses whose genomes are known. The detection of novel viruses expands our understanding of the respiratory virome of animal-exposed humans and warrant further studies

The Virome of Acute Respiratory Diseases in Individuals at Risk of Zoonotic Infections

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasizes the need to actively study the virome of unexplained respiratory diseases. We performed viral metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis of 91 nasal-throat swabs from individuals working with animals and with acute respiratory diseases. Fifteen virus RT-PCR-positive samples were included as controls, while the other 76 samples were RT-PCR negative for a wide panel of respiratory pathogens. Eukaryotic viruses detected by mNGS were then screened by PCR (using primers based on mNGS-derived contigs) in all samples to compare viral detection by mNGS versus PCR and assess the utility of mNGS in routine diagnostics. mNGS identified expected human rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, influenza A virus, coronavirus OC43, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A in 13 of 15 (86.7%) positive control samples. Additionally, rotavirus, torque teno virus, human papillomavirus, human betaherpesvirus 7, cyclovirus, vientovirus, gemycircularvirus, and statovirus were identified through mNGS. Notably, complete genomes of novel cyclovirus, gemycircularvirus, and statovirus were genetically characterized. Using PCR screening, the novel cyclovirus was additionally detected in 5 and the novel gemycircularvirus in 12 of the remaining samples included for mNGS analysis. Our studies therefore provide pioneering data of the virome of acute-respiratory diseases from individuals at risk of zoonotic infections. The mNGS protocol/pipeline applied here is sensitive for the detection of a variety of viruses, including novel ones. More frequent detections of the novel viruses by PCR than by mNGS on the same samples suggests that PCR remains the most sensitive diagnostic test for viruses whose genomes are known. The detection of novel viruses expands our understanding of the respiratory virome of animal-exposed humans and warrant further studies.Peer reviewe

Déchirure ductile des aciers à haute résistance pour gazoducs (X100)

Cette étude concerne la déchirure ductile des aciers à haute limite d'élasticitée utilises pour la construction des gazoducs. La microstructure et la réponse mécanique de deux toles et d'un tube en acier X100 (R =100ksi = 690MPa) ont été éetudiees. Ces materiaux possedent une microstructure ferrito-bainitique. Le programme expérimental porte sur des éprouvettes lisses, des eprouvettes entaillees et des éprouvettes fissurees. Des eprouvettes de traction simple suivant trois directions principales ont été utilisees. Ces essais ont montré que les aciers etudies présentent une forte anisotropie plastique. La limite d'élasticite des toles se trouve au-dessous de la valeur requise pour l'acier X100. Ce n'est qu'après la production de tubes, qui implique une déformation plastique lors de la miseen forme, que l'acier atteint le grade X100.Les mécanismes de rupture sont etudies par microcopie optique et électronique a balayage sur des coupesmétallographiques et des examens fractographiques de l'ensemble des éprouvettes (traction, AE, Charpy V etCT). La naissance de l'endommagement se caractérise par la rupture ou la décohesion des sulfures de calcium et des nitrures de titane. Deux modes de coalescence sont observés : la striction interne et la coalescence en bande.L'effet d'une pré-deformation sur les caracteristiques de traction et sur la ténacite est etudie en pre-deformant des barreaux de traction de 1.6%, 3.6% et 5.9% de déformation plastique. Une prée-deformation provoque une augmentation de la limite d'élasticite et de la resistance a traction, mais diminue la téenacite du materiau. La propagation ductile dynamique sur de grandes distances (100 a 200mm) est étudiee a l'aide d'une experience de rupture à grande vitesse (20 à 40m/s) de grandes toles qui permet de reproduire la rupture par cisaillement observe lors de l'éclatement des pipelines. La resistance a la propagation sur de longues distances est éevaluee par le taux de dissipation d'éenergie. Nos essais realises sur les deux toles confirment la tendance observée precedemment selon laquelle les structures ferrito-bainitiques permettent d'obtenir un bon compromis entre la ténacite et leur limite d'élasticite. La simulation par éléments finis de la dechirure ductile des toles a été effectuee. Les simulations sont basees sur une extension du modèle Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman incluant une représentation de l'anisotropie plastique et de la germination de cavités. Un nouveau critere de plasticité anisotrope recemment developpe pour les alliagesd'aluminium est utilisé. Les parametres sont ajustes sur de petites eprouvettes. La transférabilite sur les grandesplaques en pleine épaisseur est verifiee. Le modele permet de représenter les caracteristiques principales des essais de déchirure ductile dynamique : la courbe de chargement, la forme du front de fissure, le Développement de la striction en pointe de fissure et le taux de dissipation d'énergie.XX

Local approach based numerical modeling of fracture of high strength modern pipeline steel

International audienc

Plastic and damage behaviour of a high strength X100 pipeline steel : experiments and modelling

International audienceThe purpose of this work is to develop a constitutive model integrating anisotropic behaviour and ductile damage for a X100 pipeline steel. The model is based on a set of experiments on various smooth, notched and cracked specimens and on a careful fractographic examination of the damage mechanisms. The model is based on an extension of the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model which includes plastic anisotropy. Provided brittle delamination is not triggered, the developed model can accurately describe the plastic and damage behaviour of the material. The model is then used as a numerical tool to investigate the effect of plastic anisotropy and delamination on ductile crack extension. It is shown in particular that it is not possible to obtain a unified description of rupture properties for notched and cracked specimens tested along different directions without accounting for plastic anisotropy

Piezoelectric Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbine Structures: Current Status and Future Perspectives

As an innovative technology, the impedance-based technique has been extensively studied for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of various civil structures. The technique’s advantages include cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation on a complex structure, robustness to early-stage failures, and real-time damage assessment capabilities. Nonetheless, very few studies have taken those advantages for monitoring the health status and the structural condition of wind turbine structures. Thus, this paper is motivated to give the reader a general outlook of how the impedance-based SHM technology has been implemented to secure the safety and serviceability of the wind turbine structures. Firstly, possible structural failures in wind turbine systems are reviewed. Next, physical principles, hardware systems, damage quantification, and environmental compensation algorithms are outlined for the impedance-based technique. Afterwards, the current status of the application of this advanced technology for health monitoring and damage identification of wind turbine structural components such as blades, tower joints, tower segments, substructure, and the foundation are discussed. In the end, the future perspectives that can contribute to developing efficient SHM systems in the green energy field are proposed