Effect of calcium enrichment of Cheddar cheese on its structure, in vitro digestion and lipid bioaccessibility

The nutritional role of cheese is usually reduced to its composition, often neglecting the effect that the matrix can have on digestion. The purpose of this study was to establish a link between the characteristics of Cheddar cheeses with different calcium levels and the impact on cheese in vitro digestion. Curds were enriched with CaCl2 during the salting step to produce control, high-calcium, and very high-calcium cheeses. Cheese composition, texture and structure were characterized, and physical disintegration and lipolysis were monitored during in vitro digestion. Cheese hardness increased with higher calcium content. This resulted in a slower disintegration during in vitro digestion. Despite showing faster disintegration, the control cheese had the slowest lipolysis progression. The results suggest that lipolysis depends on calcium content and the matrix modulating the access of enzymes to their substrates. Further studies should provide a better understanding of the calcium–matrix interaction affecting lipid bioaccessibility

Keratin 19 as a biochemical marker of skin stem cells in vivo and in vitro: keratin 19 expressing cells are differentially localized in function of anatomic sites, and their number varies with donor age and culture stage

This study was undertaken to evaluate keratin 19 (K19) as a biochemical marker for skin stem cells in order to address some long standing questions concerning these cells in the field of cutaneous biology. We first used the well-established mouse model enabling us to identify skin stem cells as [3H]thymidine-label-retaining cells. A site directed antibody was raised against a synthetic peptide of K19. It reacted specifically with a 40 kDa protein (K19) on immunoblotting. It labelled the bulge area of the outer root sheath on mouse skin by immunohistochemistry. Double-labelling revealed that K19-positive-cells were also [3H]thymidine-label-retaining cells, suggesting that K19 is a marker for skin stem cells of hair follicles. K19-expression was then used to investigate the variation in mouse and human skin stem cells as a function of body site, donor age and culture time. K19 was expressed in the hair follicle and absent from the interfollicular epidermis at hairy sites (except for some K18 coexpressing Merkel cells). In contrast, at glabrous sites, K19-positive-cells were in deep epidermal rete ridges. K19 expressing cells also contained high levels of alpha 3 beta 1 integrin. The proportion of K19-positive-cells was greater in newborn than older foreskins. This correlated with keratinocyte culture lifespan variation with donor age. Moreover, it could explain clinical observations that children heal faster than adults. In conclusion, K19 expression in skin provides an additional tool to allow further characterization of skin stem cells under normal and pathological conditions in situ and in vitro

LE TRAVAIL DE DEUIL (NAISSANCE ET DEVENIR D'UN CONCEPT)

CETTE THESE A POUR OBJECTIF DE COMPRENDRE ET D'EXPLIQUER POURQUOI LE PSYCHANALYTIQUE DE "TRAVAIL DE DEUIL" CONNAIT UNE TELLE EXTENSION ET DE VERIFIER SI SON EMPLOI GENERALISE EST FONDE. DANS LA PREMIERE PARTIE EST ETUDIEE LA TRANSFORMATION EN PARADIGME DE CE CONCEPT, SELON I LES DEUX PERSPECTIVES, HEURITISQUE ET SOCIOLOGIQUE. LE TEXTE DE FREUD, > FAIT L'OBJET D'UN EXAMEN DETAILLE : SES SOURCES, SON ARGUMENTATION, LES DIFFICULTES QU'IL LAISSE NON RESOLUES ; ENSUITE, LE DEVENIR ET LA TRANSFORMATION DE CE CONCEPT SONT ETUDIES CHEZ LES DISCIPLES ; ENFIN, SONT ANALYSES LE SENS ET LA FONCTION D'UNE PRODUCTION SCIENTIFIQUE PLETHORIQUE FONDEE SUR CE CONCEPT, TANT EN PSYCHIATRIE QU'EN PSYCHOLOGIE, SUR UNE PERIODE DE TRENTE ANS (1968-1997). LA DEUXIEME PARTIE S'INTERESSE A LA SEULE DIMENSION HEURISTIQUE DU CONCEPT ET TENTE DE VERIFIER SI LA GENERALISATION DU TRAVAIL DE DEUIL A D'AUTRES SITUATIONS EST FONDEE ; ELLE EST CONSACREE A L'ETUDE CLINIQUE DES EFFETS PSYCHOLOGIQUES DE LA PERTE DE LA PATRIE, PLUS PRECISEMENT DE L'EXIL POLITIQUE ; CETTE ETUDE EST MENEE SUR UNE POPULATION DE 12 HOMMES A PARTIR D'ENTRETIENS DE RECHERCHE SEMI-DIRECTIFS ; EN COMPLEMENT, UN QUESTIONNAIRE STANDARDISE, ADAPTE D'UN QUESTIONNAIRE DESTINE AUX PERSONNES ENDEUILLEES, A ETE PROPOSE A DES DEMANDEURS D'ASILE. CE TRAVAIL PERMET AINSI DE PRECISER SOUS QUELLES CONDITIONS ON EST FONDE A UTILISER LE CONCEPT DE >.PARIS5-BU Saints-Pères (751062109) / SudocSudocFranceF