In vitro study of diminazene aceturate complex with Β-Cyclodextrin for ichthyophthirius multifiliis

The histophagous ciliate Ichthyophthyrius multifiliis can cause lethality in farmed carp brood (Cyprinus carpio) as well as other representatives. In the present study, an antiparasitic substance (diminazene aceturate) and its complex with a cyclodextrin were tested for its activity against this pathogen in vitro. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the therapeutic potential of diminazene and the enhancement by the β-cyclodextrin. Of these, the complex proved to be more effective (i.e., killed all parasites in a test period of 6-8 hours). Administration in filtered water suggests that these compounds can not be effective in bathing. In view of these findings, we will discuss the potential utility of chemotherapy as a strategy for controlling ciliatosis in farmed fish

In vivo study of conjugated diminazene aceturate for ichthyophthiriosis of farmed carp

The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of a veterinary drug, Diminazene aceturate (4,4’-(1-Triazene- 1,3-dyil)-bis-(benzenecarboximidamide), in an inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin as a suitable treatment for parasitic diseases caused by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in farmed carp. The efficacy was determined by the reduction in the infection intensity. The complexes were prepared by the coevaporation method and were characterized by DSC and FTIR. The selected stoichoimetry for the chosen drug was 1:1. Administration of Diminazene aceturate and complex was carried out by including appropriate doses in animal feed. Our studies suggest that the Diminazene–β-cyclodextrin complex results in a reduction in the infection degree and decrease in the trophont size in the treated fish. The oral treatment of Diminazene aceturate in inclusion complexes may be an alternative to bath treatments in carp farming

Observations regarding in vitro hatching of Raillietina spp. (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) onchosphere

The study has been realised in May 2016 having as purpose the observation of the onchosphere hatching process. The eggs of Raillietina spp. were aquired from feces belonging to Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) that was naturaly infested. Initally, the samples were examined from a parasitological point of view using the Willis method. The egg concentrate has been obtained using the protocol described by VOGE and all. (1961) with some adjustments. The egg suspension was incubated at 30 oC for an hour. The hatching process of the oncosphere has been observed on the slide with the optical microscope (Motic B series) fitted with a Moticam 1000 camera, using the x400 magnification. Measuring has been realised with Motic Images Plus 2.0 software. The temperature of the slide in the moment of examination was 32oC. The whole hatching proces lasted 5 hours and went through the following stages: after half an hour the hexachant embryo has broken the basal membrane and entered the vitelline layer, the onchosphere was vigorously pushing and scraping the granular structure belonging to the vitelline layer, then the vitelline membrane and the egg shell was perforated after four and a half hours, thus completing the actual hatching process. After hatching, the onchosphere engaged in a series of swim-like motions in the liquid mass

Unikraft:Fast, Specialized Unikernels the Easy Way

Unikernels are famous for providing excellent performance in terms of boot times, throughput and memory consumption, to name a few metrics. However, they are infamous for making it hard and extremely time consuming to extract such performance, and for needing significant engineering effort in order to port applications to them. We introduce Unikraft, a novel micro-library OS that (1) fully modularizes OS primitives so that it is easy to customize the unikernel and include only relevant components and (2) exposes a set of composable, performance-oriented APIs in order to make it easy for developers to obtain high performance. Our evaluation using off-the-shelf applications such as nginx, SQLite, and Redis shows that running them on Unikraft results in a 1.7x-2.7x performance improvement compared to Linux guests. In addition, Unikraft images for these apps are around 1MB, require less than 10MB of RAM to run, and boot in around 1ms on top of the VMM time (total boot time 3ms-40ms). Unikraft is a Linux Foundation open source project and can be found at www.unikraft.or

Species diversity, host preference and arbovirus detection of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in south-eastern Serbia

BackgroundCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is a genus of small biting midges (also known as no-see ums) that currently includes 1368 described species. They are proven or suspected vectors for important pathogens affecting animals such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Currently little information is available on the species of Culicoides present in Serbia. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine species diversity, host preference and the presence of BTV and SBV RNA in Culicoides from the Stara Planina Nature Park in south-eastern Serbia.ResultsIn total 19,887 individual Culicoides were collected during three nights of trapping at two farm sites and pooled into six groups (Obsoletus group, Pulicaris group, Others group and further each group according to the blood-feeding status to freshly engorged and non-engorged). Species identification was done on subsamples of 592 individual Culicoides specimens by morphological and molecular methods (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and PCR/sequencing). At least 22 Culicoides species were detected. Four animal species (cow, sheep, goat and common blackbird) as well as humans were identified as hosts of Culicoides biting midges. The screening of 8291 Culicoides specimens in 99 pools for the presence of BTV and SBV RNA by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR were negative.ConclusionsThe biodiversity of Culicoides species in the natural reserve Stara Planina was high with at least 22 species present. The presence of C. imicola Kieffer was not recorded in this area. Culicoides showed opportunistic feeding behaviour as determined by host preference. The absence of SBV and BTV viral RNA correlates with the absence of clinical disease in the field during the time of sampling. These data are the direct outcome of a training programme within the Institutional Partnership Project AMSAR: Arbovirus monitoring, research and surveillance-capacity building on mosquitoes and biting midges funded by the programme SCOPES of the Swiss National Science Foundation

Research and Science Today Supplement No.1(3)/2012

Research and Science Today Journal is a publication founded in 2011 and it is dedicated to the students of all levels (license, master and doctoral) of faculties in the country and abroad. We want to offer the participants the opportunity to present their scientific works in the following areas: Social Sciences, Economic Sciences, Legal Sciences, Humanities, Education Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Sport. This journal provides students the opportunity to create and / or to improve their abilities to write scientific papers. So each appearance (two appearances per year at which we can add supplements) contains a number of papers written by students, masters and doctoral from the faculties from the country or / and abroad. The journal promotes original studies contributing to the progress of knowledge and it is motivated by the need to address issues of theory and practice in the areas mentioned above. The Journal is a training means of the factors involved in the conceptualization, development, implementation and evaluation , aiming the formation of creative personalities who could be able to adapt through the changing conditions of life. Journal wants to be a forum for debates disciplinaries and interdisciplinaries theoretical topics, to become a research support, to leverage this work at regional, national and international levels. We believe that this gathering will enjoy the support from both parts of the researchers and of the practitioners, and will provide appropriate training sources held professional through the current problems

Research and Science Today Supplement No.1(3)/2012

Research and Science Today Journal is a publication founded in 2011 and it is dedicated to the students of all levels (license, master and doctoral) of faculties in the country and abroad. We want to offer the participants the opportunity to present their scientific works in the following areas: Social Sciences, Economic Sciences, Legal Sciences, Humanities, Education Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Sport. This journal provides students the opportunity to create and / or to improve their abilities to write scientific papers. So each appearance (two appearances per year at which we can add supplements) contains a number of papers written by students, masters and doctoral from the faculties from the country or / and abroad. The journal promotes original studies contributing to the progress of knowledge and it is motivated by the need to address issues of theory and practice in the areas mentioned above. The Journal is a training means of the factors involved in the conceptualization, development, implementation and evaluation , aiming the formation of creative personalities who could be able to adapt through the changing conditions of life. Journal wants to be a forum for debates disciplinaries and interdisciplinaries theoretical topics, to become a research support, to leverage this work at regional, national and international levels. We believe that this gathering will enjoy the support from both parts of the researchers and of the practitioners, and will provide appropriate training sources held professional through the current problems

Evaluation of Diet Supplementation with Wheat Grass Juice on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Blood Biochemical Profile of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Wheat grass juice (WGJ) is an extract of young wheat plantlets (Triticum aetivum L.) used worldwide for its health related properties. In this study, the following feeds containing WGJ were tested on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Control (C), WGJ1% (V1), WGJ2% (V2) and WGJ4% (V3) w/w. Fish with an average initial weight of 102 g/individual were grown in a recirculating aquaculture system. The results showed that WGJ had stimulatory effects on growth performance. Accordingly, final body weight increased by 11% at V1, 39% at V2 and 23% at V3, while other indices (feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and condition factor) were unaffected. Body composition analyses revealed a significant decrease in fat content at V2 and a significant increase in collagen and ash at the same variant, while the protein content was unmodified. Regarding the blood profile, significant increases in the content of albumin, globulin, total protein, and calcium were recorded in the variants with WGJ. The positive results of WGJ on carp can be attributed to its biochemical composition, which is rich in chlorophyll (4.71 mg mL−1), total phenols (164 µg mL−1 gallic acid equivalents), and high antioxidant activity (67% inhibition of DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results suggest WGJ can be used as a promising feed additive for common carp