Simultaneous left colectomy and standard hepatectomy reformed by laparoscopy

As abordagens laparoscópicas têm sido cada vez mais utilizadas em pacientes com câncer colorretal ou hepático. Colectomia e hepatectomia simultâneas são consideradas técnicas seguras e apresentam resultados oncológicos semelhantes independente da localização do tumor primário quando associada à ressecções hepáticas com menos de quatro metástases, uma vez que não existe aumento da morbimortalidade nem prejuízo na sobrevida. O desenvolvimento de técnicas e materiais laparoscópicos tornou a ressecção combinada do cólon e do fígado uma opção bastante atraente. O objetivo do presente estudo é demonstrar a ressecção de um tumor sincrônico de sigmoide e metástase hepática única tratada por colectomia e setorectomia lateral esquerda puramente laparoscópicaLaparoscopic approaches have been increasingly used in patients with colorectal or liver cancer. Simultaneous colectomy and hepatectomy are considered safe techniques and present similar oncological results regardless of the location of the primary tumor when there are fewer than four liver metastases, since there is no increase in morbidity or decrease in survival. The development of laparoscopic techniques and materials has made the combined resection of the colon and liver a very attractive option. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the synchronous resection of the sigmoid tumor and single liver metastasis treated by purely laparoscopic colectomy and liver left lateral sectorectomy

Current management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: recommendations of the São Paulo Liver Club

Approximately half of patients with colorectal cancer present with liver metastases during the course of their disease, which directly affect prognosis and is responsible for two thirds of deaths related to the disease. In the last two decades the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRCLM) provided significant gain in survival when all treatment options are available to the patient. In this context, surgical treatment remains as the only chance of cure, with five-year survival rates of 25-58%. However, only 1/4 of the patients have resectable disease at diagnosis. For this reason, one of the key points in the current management of patients with CRCLM is the development of strategies that facilitate complete resection of liver lesions. The advent and refinement of ablative methods have expanded the possibilities of surgical therapy. The emergence of new chemotherapy regimens and the introduction of targeted therapies has provided high response rates and has permanently altered the management of these patients. The multimodal therapy and the involvement of different medical specialties has increasingly enabled CRCLM treatment to approached the ideal treatment, i.e., an individualized one. Based on an extensive review of literature and on experience from some of the most important specialized centers of Brazil, the São Paulo Liver Club began a process of multi-institutional discussions that resulted in the recommendations that follow. These recommendations, however, are not intended to be absolute, but useful tools in the therapeutic decision process for this complex group of patients.Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes portadores de câncer colorretal apresenta metástases hepáticas durante a evolução de sua doença que afetam diretamente o prognóstico e são diretamente responsáveis por 2/3 dos óbitos relacionados à doença. Nas últimas duas décadas o tratamento das metástases hepáticas de câncer colorretal (MHCCR) proporcionou ganho expressivo na sobrevida quando todas as opções terapêuticas são colocadas à disposição do paciente. Nesse contexto, o tratamento cirúrgico persiste como a única possibilidade de cura com índices de sobrevida em cinco anos de 25 a 58%. No entanto, apenas 1/4 dos pacientes tem doença ressecável ao diagnóstico. Por essa razão, um dos pontos fundamentais no manejo atual dos pacientes com MHCCR é o desenvolvimento de estratégias que possibilitem a ressecção completa das lesões hepáticas. O advento e aperfeiçoamento dos métodos ablativos expandiram as possibilidades da terapêutica cirúrgica, além disto, o surgimento de novos esquemas quimioterápicos e a introdução das terapias-alvo proporcionou altas taxas de resposta e alteraram definitivamente o manejo destes pacientes. O tratamento multimodal e a utilização da experiência de diversas especialidades médicas permitiram que o tratamento das MHCCR se aproximasse cada vez mais do tratamento ideal, ou seja, individualizado. Baseado em uma extensa revisão da literatura e na experiência de alguns dos centros especializados mais importantes do Brasil, o Clube do Fígado de São Paulo iniciou um trabalho de discussão multi-institucional que resultou nas recomendações que se seguem. Essas recomendações, no entanto, não visam ser absolutas, mas sim ferramentas úteis no processo de decisão terapêutica desse grupo complexo de pacientes.Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaSanta Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Isolated splenic metastasis from lung squamous cell carcinoma

Isolated splenic metastasis from lung cancer is a very rare occurrence with only a few reports available. Here, we report the case of a 82-year-old male who underwent a bilobectomy for a lung squamous cell carcinoma and 16 months later developed an isolated splenic metastasis. Additionally, previous reports are reviewed and discussed

Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide. METHODS: This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters. RESULTS: A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 per cent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien–Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 per cent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 per cent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle- compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries. CONCLUSION: Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761

Outcomes of elective liver surgery worldwide: a global, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study

Background: The outcomes of liver surgery worldwide remain unknown. The true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported that reflect the activity of highly specialized academic centers. The aim of this study was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes. Methods: LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach with a 3-month prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January–December 2019. Each patient was followed up for 90 days postoperatively. All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien–Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. Country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI). (NCT03768141). Results: A total of 2159 patients were included from six continents. Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 (83%) patients. Of all patients, 912 (42%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 16% (341/2159). The overall 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 3.8% (82/2,159). The overall failure to rescue rate was 11% (82/ 722) ranging from 5 to 35% among the higher and lower HDI groups, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first to our knowledge global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized liver surgery. The authors identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives

Telescopic straight ileo-anal anastomosis in dogs Anastomose íleo-anal direta por telescopagem em cães

PURPOSE: To study outcomes and functional results of a telescopic straight ileo-anal anastomosis. METHODS: Thirty-six mongrel dogs were submitted to total proctocolectomy and telescopic straight ileo-anal anastomosis (ileal mucosa-submucosa pulled-through the rectal cuff). They were divided in 3 groups, sacrificed after one, two or eight weeks after the initial procedure. Gross and microscopic (degree of cooptation and signs of ischemia) aspects of the anastomosis, as well, the aspect of defecation were analyzed. RESULTS: On microscopy all anastomosis analysed showed a continuous epithelial line and were considered good. After two-months no signs of ischemia were identified. Defecation aspect has considerably changed during the study, so no dogs presented solid defecation within the first two weeks, whereas 80% of dogs presented solid stools after two months. CONCLUSION: Telescopic ileo-anal anastomosis is a safe alternative and may provide good functional results after some small period of time.<br>OBJETIVO: Estudar os resultados cirúrgicos e funcionais de uma anastomose íleo-anal por telescopagem. MÉTODOS: Trinta e seis cães sem raça definida foram submetidos à procto-colectomia total e anastomose ileo-anal por telescopagem da mucosa-submucosa ao coto retal. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos cujos sacrifícios ocorreram 1, 2 e 8 semanas após o procedimento inicial. O aspecto da anastomose foi analisado no momento do sacrifício e microscopicamente (grau de coaptação e sinais de isquemia), bem como o aspecto da evacuação nos canis de cada cão. RESULTADOS: O estudo microscópico evidenciou continuidade do epitélio em todas as anastomoses. Nos cães sacrificados após dois meses não houve sinais de isquemia nas anastomoses. O aspecto das fezes alterou-se consideravelmente com o tempo, assim, enquanto nenhum cão apresentou fezes sólidas nas primeiras duas semanas, ao término do segundo mês 80% dos cães apresentavam fezes sólidas na maior parte do tempo. CONCLUSÃO: A anastomose íleo-anal por telescopagem é uma alternativa segura e pode assegurar bons resultados funcionais após alguns meses

Diverticulopexia no tratamento do divertículo de Zenker

O divertículo de Zenker é um pseudodivertículo que se origina de um defeito muscular na parede posterior da faringe, na área de transição entre o músculo constritor inferior da faringe e o músculo cricofaringeo. Apesar do avanço das técnicas endoscópicas, o tratamento cirúrgico persiste como o tratamento padrão. Duas técnicas são possíveis: diverticulectomia (ressecção do divertículo) e a diverticulopexia. As vantagens da diverticulopexia estão ligadas à ausência de anastomose esofágica e suas possíveis complicações: fistulas cervicais, mediastinite, estenose esofágica e infecção de ferida. Em ambas as técnicas a secção das fibras musculares do músculo cricofaringeo (ou, esfíncter superior do esôfago) é fundamental. O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever em detalhes a técnica de diverticulopexia junto ao ligamento pré-vertebral associada à miotomia do músculo cricofaríngeo

Colorectal cancer liver metastasis: clinical impact of the mechanisms of intrahepatic tumor dissemination and the presence of mucin in surgically resected patients

INTRODUÇÃO: A ressecção de metástases hepáticas (MH) do câncer colorretal (CCR) é considerada segura e potencialmente curativa. Apesar dos avanços no diagnóstico e nas estratégias cirúrgicas até 70% dos pacientes operados vão apresentar recidiva. Os critérios prognósticos clínico-patológicos disponíveis são insuficientes e a utilidade de modelos prognósticos é considerada inconsistente. Deste modo, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de novos critérios que se apoiam em outras variáveis biológicas. A disseminação intra-hepática de metástases de câncer colorretal pode ocorrer através de diferentes vias: linfática, sanguínea (vasos portais), através dos sinusóides ou de ductos biliares. Embora estas vias tenham sido bem descritas, o valor prognóstico de cada uma após a ressecção hepática não está completamente definido. O adenocarcinoma colorretal mucinoso (ACM) é um subtipo de carcinoma colorretal com importante produção mucina, e que está associado clinicamente a tumores proximais, estágio avançado no momento do diagnóstico, instabilidade de microssatélites e mutação do gene BRAF. Há controvérsias sobre o impacto prognóstico da histologia mucinosa nos tumores colorretais primitivos e o seu papel nas lesões metastáticas hepáticas permanece desconhecido. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi determinar a frequência e elucidar o impacto prognóstico de quatro vias diferentes de disseminação intra-hepática assim como da histologia mucinosa em uma série consecutiva de pacientes operados por MH de CCR. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Os prontuários de 132 pacientes submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica de MH de CCR entre dezembro de 1999 e janeiro de 2010 foram revisados. Os pacientes que faleceram por complicações pós-operatórias (n= 3), aqueles com ressecções incompletas (R2; n= 2), ou nos quais não havia material disponível para o estudo (n= 14) foram excluídos. Os 113 pacientes restantes tiveram suas variáveis clínico-patológicas e resultados (recidiva e sobrevida) avaliados. Os espécimes cirúrgicos foram submetidos à avaliação histológica de rotina e agrupados de acordo com o conteúdo mucinoso da maior lesão hepática da seguinte forma: ACM >50 %; adenocarcinoma mucinoso intermediário (AIM) com componente mucinoso 50% (ACM) estão associadas a um pior prognóstico quando comparadas às lesões sem componente mucinoso (NMA). A presença de mucina pode, em um futuro próximo, influenciar a estratégia terapêutica e deve se tornar um ponto importante para discussão e investigação futurasBACKGROUND: Resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) is generally accepted as a safe and potentially curative treatment. Despite advances in diagnosis and surgical strategies, up to 70% of patients will present recurrence of the disease after resection of CRCLM. Clinicopathological prognostic factors are inadequate to determine disease prognosis and the utility of prognostic models on general population is considered highly inconsistent. Herein, future attempts to develop prognostic scores may include additional biologic variables. Intrahepatic spread from CRLM may take place through four different routes: lymphatic vessels, portal vessels, sinusoids and biliary ducts. Although these routes have been well described, their prognostic value after hepatectomy is not completely understood. Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma with prominent mucin production associated with tumor proximal location, advanced stage at diagnosis, microsatellite instability, and BRAF mutation. There are controversies about the prognostic impact of mucinous histology on colorectal cancer and the prognostic implication of MAC in CRCLM is unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency and elucidate the prognostic implication of four different routes for intrahepatic dissemination and the mucinous histology in a consecutive series of resected CRCLM. METHODS: Medical records of 132 patients who underwent a first resection of CRCLM between December 1999 and January 2010 were reviewed. Patients who died from postoperative complications (n=3), those with incomplete resections (R2; n=2), or no available tissue for the study (n=14) were excluded. The remaining 113 patients had their clinicopathologic variables and outcome parameters evaluated. Resected specimens were submitted to routine histological evaluation and were grouped according to metastasis mucinous content: > 50%, MAC; < 50%, adenocarcinoma with intermediated mucinous component (AIM); and without any mucinous component, non-MAC (NMA). Intrahepatic dissemination was analyzed by H&E and immunohistochemical staining with D2-40 (lymphatic vessels), CD34 (blood vessels), CK-7 (biliary epithelium), and CK-20 (CRC cells). RESULTS: Mean follow-up after resection was 37 months. Tumor recurrence was observed in 76 patients, with a median interval of 13 months after resection. Overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) rates after hepatectomy were 62 and 56%, and 26 and 24% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Intrahepatic spread was classified into discreet categories that were evaluated separately: invasion of the portal vein, sinusoids, bile duct, and lymphatic/perineural space. Intrahepatic microscopic invasion included portal vein in 49 patients, sinusoidal in 43 patients, biliary in 20 patients, and lymphatic in 33 patients. Intra-hepatic lymphatic invasion was the only route of dissemination independently associated with the risk of hepatic recurrence (OR=2.75) and shorter DFS (P= 0.006). All tumor foci of intrahepatic lymphatic invasion were detected within 2mm away from tumor edge. Tumors with mucinous component (AIM and MAC) were related to proximal location of the primary tumor and were more frequently observed in females. Multivariate analysis revealed that MAC was an independent negative prognostic factor (hazard ratio= 3.13; 95% CI, 1.30-6.68; P= 0.011) compared with non-MAC (NMA and AIM). CONCLUSION: Intrahepatic lymphatic invasion is a significant prognostic factor. Other mechanisms of invasion, although frequently observed, are not related to disease recurrence or survival, suggesting that the lymphatic system is the main route for dissemination of CRCLM. Furthermore, immunohistochemical detection of intrahepatic lymphatic invasion might be of value in clinical practice. MAC has an adverse prognostic impact compared with NMA, which may influence therapeutic strategy raising an important subject for discussion and future investigatio

Anastomose ileoanal por acoplamento da submucosa-mucosa a musculatura do canal anal: estudo experimental em cão

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe