A nonaqueous potassium-ion hybrid capacitor enabled by two-dimensional diffusion pathways of dipotassium terephthalate

Nonaqueous potassium-ion hybrid capacitors (KIHCs) are faced with limited redox reaction kinetics of electrodes for accommodation of large-sized K+. Here, dipotassium terephthalate (K2TP) is applied as an organic negative electrode to provide comparable reaction kinetics with a non-faradaic activated carbon (AC) positive electrode to boost the electrochemical performance of KIHCs. It is revealed that the large exchange current density and fast two-dimensional (2D) diffusion pathways of K+ in K2TP determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations ensure its fast redox reaction and transport kinetics. The asconstructed KIHC presents both high energy and power densities of 101 W h kg(-1) and 2160 W kg(-1) based on the mass of the two electrodes (41.5 W h kg(-1) and 885.2 W kg(-1) based on the mass of the two electrodes and electrolyte), respectively, and a superior capacity retention of 97.7% after 500 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the fast kinetics, good structural flexibility, and small volume change (9.4%) of K2TP upon K+ insertion/extraction, and its good compatibility with the AC positive electrode in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)-based electrolyte. This will promote application of organic materials in hybrid capacitors and the development of KIHCs

A High-Power Aqueous Zinc-Organic Radical Battery with Tunable Operating Voltage Triggered by Selected Anions

In contrast to traditional rechargeable rock-chair metal-ion batteries, dual-ion batteries (DIBs) involve redox reactions with anions rather than cations in p-type cathodes. In principle, regulating the electrochemical performance of the DIB by different anion species is highly feasible. Herein, the anion effect on the electrochemical performance of a DIB, the aqueous Zn- organic radical battery (Zn-ORB), consisting of a poly(2,2,6,6tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl vinyl ether) cathode and a Zn anode, was investigated by DFT calculations. SO42-, CF3SO3-, and ClO4- with different molecular electrostatic potential values were selected as anion models. DFT calculations revealed that a stronger electrostatic interaction of the anion with the organic radical resulted in a higher operating voltage of the Zn-ORB, which was consistent with experimental results. These results bring new insight into the redox chemistry of p-type organic radicals with anions and will promote the development of high-power aqueous Zn-ORBs as well as inspire more investigations into the anion effect towards novel battery designs

Design and Implementation of an Efficient Hardware Coprocessor IP Core for Multi-axis Servo Control Based on Universal SoC

The multi-axis servo control system has been extensively used in industrial control. However, the applications of traditional MCU and DSP chips in high-performance multi-axis servo control systems are becoming increasingly difficult due to their lack of computing power. Although FPGA chips can meet the computing power requirements of high-performance multi-axis servo control systems, their versatility is insufficient, and the chip is too costly for large-scale use. Therefore, when designing the universal SoC, it is better to directly embed the coprocessor IP core dedicated to accelerating the multi-motor vector control current loop operation into the universal SoC. In this study, a coprocessor IP core that can be flexibly embedded in a universal SoC was designed. The IP core based on time division multiplexing (TDM) technology could accelerate the multi-motor vector control current loop operation according to the hardware–software coordination scheme proposed in this study. The IP was first integrated into a universal SoC to verify its performance, and then the FPGA prototype verification for the SoC was performed under three-axis servo control systems. Secondly, the ASIC implementation of the IP was also conducted based on the CSMC 90 nm process library. The experimental results revealed that the IP had a small area and low power consumption and was suitable for application in universal SoC. Therefore, the cheap and low-power single universal SoC with the coprocessor IP can be suitable for multi-axis servo control

Promoting anti-tumor immunity by targeting TMUB1 to modulate PD-L1 polyubiquitination and glycosylation

Immune checkpoint blockade therapies targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis have demonstrated clear clinical benefits. Improved understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms might contribute new insights into immunotherapy. Here, we identify transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein 1 (TMUB1) as a modulator of PD-L1 post-translational modifications in tumor cells. Mechanistically, TMUB1 competes with HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing protein 1 (HUWE1), a E3 ubiquitin ligase, to interact with PD-L1 and inhibit its polyubiquitination at K281 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, TMUB1 enhances PD-L1 N-glycosylation and stability by recruiting STT3A, thereby promoting PD-L1 maturation and tumor immune evasion. TMUB1 protein levels correlate with PD-L1 expression in human tumor tissue, with high expression being associated with poor patient survival rates. A synthetic peptide engineered to compete with TMUB1 significantly promotes antitumor immunity and suppresses tumor growth in mice. These findings identify TMUB1 as a promising immunotherapeutic target