Resin Bonding to Silicatized Zirconia with Two Isocyanatosilanes and a Cross-linking Silane. Part I: Experimental

In this study we have investigated the effects of the chain length of hydrolyzable groups in two isocyanato silane coupling agents, 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, on the shear bond strength of resin attached to silicatized zirconia. In addition, the effects of varying the silane concentration (at 0.1 vol% and 1.0 vol%) with or without the addition of a cross-linking silane (0.05 vol% or 0.5 vol% bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane) were assessed. It was concluded that the use of the experimental primer of 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane at either 0.1 vol% or 1 vol% with cross-linking silane resulted in significantly higher shear bond strengths than the use of primer without the cross-linking silane. © 2010 The Author(s).published_or_final_versionSpringer Open Choice, 31 May 201

Resin Bonding to Silicatized Zirconia with Two Isocyanatosilanes and a Cross-linking Silane. Part II: Mechanistic Approach

In this paper we discuss and interpret the results of shear bond strengths achieved after the use of two silane coupling agents with isocyanato functionality, viz. 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane. The silanes were used alone and also blended with a non-functional cross-linking silane on silicatized zirconia before light-curing of resin stubs on the surface, as described elsewhere in the first part of our study (see "Part I: Experimental"). A series of reaction mechanisms and conceptual diagrams are also presented. The reaction mechanisms illustrating the effect of adding a cross-linking silane into a silane blend, the silane hydrolysis and the behavior of two organofunctional groups (isocyanate and alkene) of silanes upon reaction with Rely X Unicem Aplicap resin-composite cement are discussed in detail. © 2010 The Author(s).published_or_final_versionSpringer Open Choice, 31 May 201

Residual monomer in PMMA: kinetics and thermodynamics

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Shear bond strength between resin and zirconia with two different silane blends

OBJECTIVE: To study in vitro the effect of two cross-linking silanes, bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane and bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine, blended with an organofunctional silane coupling agent, (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, on the shear bond strength between resin-composite cement and silicatized zirconia after dry storage and thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six tested groups of 90 samples of yttria stabilized zirconia were used for sample preparation. The surfaces of the zirconia were silica-coated. 3M ESPE Sil silane was used as a control. Solutions of (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane with cross-linking silanes bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane and bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine were applied onto the surface of silicatized zirconia. 3M ESPE RelyX resin-composite cement was bonded onto the silicatized and silanized zirconia surface and light-cured. Three groups were tested under dry condition and the other three groups were tested for thermocycling. The shear bond strength was measured using a materials testing instrument. Group mean shear bond strengths were analysed by ANOVA at a significant level of p < 0.05. The zirconia surface composition was analysed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. RESULTS: The highest shear bond strength was 11.8 +/- 3.5 MPa for (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane blended with bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (dry storage). There was a significant difference between mean shear bond strength values for (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane blended with two cross-linking silanes, bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane and bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine, after thermocycling (p < 3.9 x 10(-8)). Various surface treatments of zirconia influenced the surface roughness (p < 4.6 x 10(-6)). The chemical composition analysis showed there was an increase in silicon and oxygen content after sandblasting. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the combination of functional (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane with cross-linking bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine showed superior hydrolytic stability than with bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane.postprin

A Novel Silane Primer System Approach for Resin Zirconia Bonding

Oral Session: Dental Materials 3: Ceramic-based Materials and Cements - 187. Clinical Studies, Surface, Interface, and Bonding: no. 1576OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of two cross-linking silanes blended with 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane on the shear bond strength between resin cement and silica-coated zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 90 specimens of zirconia (Nobel Biocare) were subjected to silica-coating by Rocatec Plus (3M ESPE, 110 μm) sand at an operation pressure of 280 kPa, for 30 s/cm2. 3M ESPE Sil-silane (3M ESPE) was used as a control. Primers of 1.0 vol% of 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (ACPS), with 0.5 vol% cross-linking silanes bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTSE; Gelest) and bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] amine (BTMA; ABCR) were prepared in a 95% ethanol and 5% deionised-water solvent mixture. The solutions were ...postprin

Characterization of a new polysiloxane-based titanium surface treatment for resin titanium bonding

PURPOSE: To characterize the polysiloxane-coated titanium surface with thermal treatment by XPS and AFM. Such a novel coating might significantly enhance resin bonding. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A layer (2mm) of silicone grease (Dow Corning Co., Michigan, USA) was applied on two titanium plates (Permascand, Ljungaverk, Sweden) followed by a thermal treatment at two temperatures, 800 and 1100 ◦C, respectively. Another titanium plate was surface treated by sandblasting. The atomic composition of titanium surfaces and change of chemical state…postprin

Another light in the dark: review of new method for the arthroscopic repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex

The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is an anatomically and biomechanically important structure. Repair of radial-sided TFCC tear has previously been challenging. We designed a new method of radial-sided TFCC tear repair and found that it was also applicable for ulnar-sided TFCC tear repair. From October 2006 to December 2010, 10 patients underwent this operation and were reviewed: 9 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 33.9 years. Average postoperative follow-up was 8 months. We graded results according to the Mayo modified wrist score. We rated 2 of the 10 patients (20%) as 'excellent,' 3 (30%) as 'good,' and 5 (50%) as 'fair.' The 5 patients who were rated as 'fair' returned to regular jobs or had restricted employment. Based on this small sample, we recommend that this technique be considered an alternative method for TFCC repair.postprin

Resin zirconia bonding with two isocyanatosilanes with addition of cross-linker silane

Session - Dental Materials 3: Ceramic-based Materials and Cements - 124. Resin Bonding: no. 676OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of two isocyanato silanes and addition of cross-linking silane on the shear bond strength of zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 specimens of yttria-stabilized-zirconia (Nobel Biocare) were silicatized (Rocatec Soft, 3M ESPE). The pressure was 280kPa, time was 30s/cm2. 3M ESPE Sil-silane was a control. 0.1 and 1.0 vol.% two silanes, 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane (ICMS) and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICS) and solutions of 0.1 and 1.0 vol.% of two silanes with 0.05 and 0.5 vol.% cross-linking bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTSE) were prepared in 95% ethanol and at pH 4. The primers were applied onto silicatized zirconia and allowed to react ...postprin

Surface modification of silica-coated zirconia by chemical treatments

Zirconia surface modification by various chemical treatments after silica coating by sandblasting was investigated in this study. The surface of silica-coated dental zirconia was hydroxylated by treatment with different acids at room temperature for 4 h, rinsed with deionized water and air-dried. The modified surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Shifts in binding energies for Zr 3d 5/2 and Si 2p peaks were observed after treatment with acids, thereby showing a change in the chemical states of zirconium and silicon on the surface layer of silica-coated zirconia. The XPS analysis revealed that the silica-coated zirconia (SiO2-ZrO2) surfaces had changed to hydrous silica-coated zirconia (SiO2-ZrO2·nH 2O). One-way ANOVA analysis revealed there was significant difference in both surface roughness parameters of silica-coated zirconia after chemical treatments and the surface topography varied depending on the acid treatment. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.postprin

Resin-Zirconia bonding promotion in vitro with a zirconate coupling agent

Oral Session: Dental Materials 3: Ceramic-based Materials and Cements - 193. Keynote Address; Bond Strength to Ceramics and Dentin: no. 1553OBJECTIVE: Silane-aided bonding is widely acknowledged, but new coupling agents may be needed for enhanced bonding. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of a zirconate coupling agent application on the bonding between a flowable resin-composite and zirconia. It was hypothesized that the zirconate coupling agent would promote resin-composite adhesion better than using a commercial primer on a tribochemically silica-coated zirconia surface. METHOD: Various amounts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 vol%) of an organo-zirconate, a neoalkoxy zirconate coupling agent, Zr(IV)-2,2(bis-2-propenolatomethyl)- butanolato-tris-2-methyl-2-propenoato-O (NZ-33, Kenrich Petrochemical, USA) were diluted in absolute ethanol and applied ...postprin