Pharmacological evaluation and preclinical studies of hypochlorous acid solution

The article presents materials on the electrochemical synthesis of hypochlorous acid and its pharmacological and toxicological evaluation. In the market of veterinary drugs, special attention has been paid to long-known, potent detoxifying antimicrobial agents based on active oxygen obtained by the electrolysis method. In addition to a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, such drugs have several other advantages, especially the biogenic nature, which causes the absence of allergic reactions. New electrocatalysts were proposed for the electrochemical synthesis of hypochlorous acid, which was produced according to the following method using a combined electrochemical-pyrolytic method. VT1-0 technical titanium was used as a current collector. The current collectors were subjected to several preliminary preparation steps, such as NaOH degreasing and etching in 6 M HCl. Initial nanotubes were obtained by anodizing Ti foil in ethylene glycol with 0.3 wt.% ammonium fluoride and 2 vol.% water for 4 hours. The electrochemical reduction was carried out in 1 M HClO4 by cathodic polarization for 1 hour. Later, a thin discontinuous layer of platinum or consecutive layers of platinum-palladium were applied to the base by electrodeposition. Nitrite electrolytes for platinization and phosphate-palladation were used for this purpose. Depending on the task, platinum, and palladium on the ground's surface varied from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/cm2. The obtained material was heat-treated in an air atmosphere. At this stage, the surface layers of composites were formed due to the oxidation of the base and encapsulation of platinum and palladium particles in titanium oxide. It was established that the solution of hypochlorous acid, obtained by the electrolysis method, is a low-hazard substance that belongs to the fourth class of toxicity. Its half-lethal dose (DL50) is not determined. The fact that, in nature, hypochlorite acid is formed by granulocytes of neutrophils involved in the last link of phagocytosis confirms that the resulting solution is low-toxic, environmentally safe, and incapable of causing side effects and distant consequences. The obtained results proved the perspective of using new technology for producing hypochlorite acid for veterinary medicine; its development is highly relevant, clinically expedient, and economically justified

Electrochemical behaviour of platinized ebonex (R) electrodes

study on the electrochemical properties of platinized Ebonex (R) electrodes

Electrodeposition of Ce-doped PbO2

An investigation is reported on lead dioxide electrodeposition from methanesulfonate electrolytes, that addnl. contg. Ce3+ ions. It is shown, that the ion additive influences on kinetics of PbO2 formation without changing of process mechanism. During the deposition lead dioxide electrodes are formed micromodified by cerium with different physico-chem. properties as compared to traditional PbO2-anodes. Electrocatalytical reactivity of the electrodes in respect to oxygen evolution was investigated

Bi-doped PbO2 anodes: Electrodeposition and physico-chemical properties

The influence of bismuth ions on kinetics of lead dioxide electrodeposition from methanesulfonate elec-trolytes and physico-chemical properties of obtained coatings were studied. Experimental results areconsistent with a mechanism previously proposed in the literature for lead dioxide electrodeposition.The presence of bismuth ions in the electrodeposition solution causes a decrease of rate constants oflead dioxide formation due to co-adsorption phenomena. Deposits from solutions containing bismuthions appear shiny dark grey, and show good adhesion to metal support. SEM images reveal a compactstructure with spindle-shaped submicron and nanosized crystals and X-ray diffractograms demonstratedthat incorporation of bismuth diminishes the size of crystal particles. Oxygen evolution was investigatedto test electrocatalytic activity. It is shown, that oxygen overpotential on modified electrodes is signifi-cantly higher than on non-modified PbO2-electrode, which depends on bismuth content in deposit andsegregation of bismuth that induces surface heterogeneity due to sites with different electroactivity forwater oxidation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

Electrochemical properties of Ebonex/Pt anodes

The electrochem. behavior of platinized Ebonex was studied. The electrochem. and semiconductor properties of electrodes can be varied within wide limits by thermal treatment of Ebonex/Pt, which selectively affects the electrocatalytic activity of anodes in the O evolution reaction. The redn. peak of Pt oxides on the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves can be used as a correlation parameter when evaluating the electrocatalytic activity of Ebonex/Pt electrodes in the O evolution reaction

Electrochemical properties of thermally treated platinized Ebonex with low content of Pt

Effect of thermal treatment on the physicochem. and electrochem. properties of platinized Ebonex electrodes, contg. low amt. of Pt was studied. New phases in systems Ti-O (310°) and Pt-Ti-O (410°) were found for treated Ebonex that affects electrochem. behavior of electrodes. Ebonex/Pt-electrodes are n-type highly doped semiconductors, as well as Ebonex. Increase in treatment temp. leads to both oxidn. of Ti suboxides and diffusion of Pt deep into substrate and results in shift of flatband potential to pos. values and decrease in donor concn. as a rule. The peak of redn. of Pt phase oxides on the cathodic branch of voltammograms could be correlated with electrocatalytic activity of platinized Ebonexelectrodes since it characterizes the amt. of electrochem. active Pt on the electrode surface. Thermally treated platinized Ebonex anodes could be applied in a trivalent Cr electroplating bath