Variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos do solo em sistemas integrados de produção na região amazônica

The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial variability of soil physical attributes in integrated production systems and its relationship with the growth and yield of a corn (Zea mays) crop intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha). The experiment was carried out in an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system and in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) system, in a Typic Hapludox. The ICLF system was managed in alleys between eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) rows, spaced at 18, 30, and 42 m. Corn grain and forage yields were positively correlated with soil clay and moisture contents, whereas grain yield was negatively correlated with soil penetration resistance. The lowest corn plant heights and grain yields were observed near eucalyptus rows. The average values for soil penetration resistance were below 2.0 MPa. Spatial variability was verified for: corn plant height, grain yield, and agronomic efficiency; forage intercropping; and soil moisture and silt contents, as well as penetration resistance. Greater grain and biomass yields were obtained at a 42-m distance between tree rows. The obtained results are indicative that corn traits and soil physical attributes were only slightly associated. The spatial distribution of the eucalyptus rows influences the agronomic efficiency of the intercrop and soil moisture contents.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos do solo em sistemas de produção integrada e a sua relação com o crescimento e a produtividade da cultura de milho (Zea mays) consorciada com braquiária (Urochloa brizantha). O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) e em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF), em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. O sistema de ILPF foi manejado em aleias, com renques de eucaliptos espaçados a 18, 30 e 42 m. As produtividades de grãos de milho e de forragem se correlacionaram positivamente com os conteúdos de argila e de água no solo, enquanto a produtividade de grãos se correlacionou negativamente com a resistência do solo à penetração. As menores alturas de plantas e produtividade de grãos de milho foram observadas próximo aos renques de eucalipto. Os valores médios de resistência à penetração estiveram abaixo de 2,0 MPa. Verificou-se variabilidade espacial para: altura de plantas, produtividade de grãos e eficiência relativa do milho; consórcio com foragem; e conteúdo de água e silte no solo, bem como resistência do solo à penetração. As maiores produtividades de grãos e de biomassa foram obtidas à distância de 42 m entre os renques. Os resultados obtidos são indicativos de que os caracteres do milho estiveram apenas levemente associados aos atributos físicos do solo. A distribuição espacial dos renques de eucalipto influencia a eficiência relativa do consócio e a umidade do solo

Desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla inoculadas com Pisolithus spp. provenientes de povoamento de Pinus spp.

Mycorrhization is a practice whose main abenefits are summarized in the optimization of the use of nutrients and water by the plant. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the initial development of Eucalyptus grandis W. (Hill ex Maiden) x E. urophylla S.T. Blake plants when inoculated with Pisolithus spp. using chemical and organic fertilizer. Mychorrhiza inocula were obtained from Pinus sp. local stands and the inoculation was carried out in eucalyptus at 107 days old. At 90 days after inoculation, it was measured shoot height (SH), stem diameter (SD), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM) and roots colonization. The design was completely randomized (CRD), with three treatments: soil with simple superphosphate (40 mg L-1), soil with poultry litter (1.0 g L-1) and control, which were submitted or not to the mycorrhiza effects. There was not difference between plants with and without mychorriza, except the treatment that did not use mychorriza with poultry litter for RDM, which was superior than using mychorriza. The better mycorrhization percentage were found in simple superphosphate treated plants. The inoculation by Pisolithus spp. does not make influence on eucalyptus plants development under greenhouse conditions.A micorrização é uma prática cujos benefícios principais se resumem na otimização do aproveitamento de nutrientes e água pela planta. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de Eucalyptus grandis W. (Hill ex Maiden) x E. urophylla S.T. Blake inoculadas por Pisolithus spp. com emprego de adubo químico e orgânico. Os inóculos da micorriza foram obtidos a partir de povoamento local de Pinus sp. e a inoculação foi realizada em eucalipto com 107 dias de idade. Aos 90 dias após inoculação foi determinada a Altura da Parte Aérea (APA), Diâmetro do Coleto (DC), Massa Seca da Parte Aérea (MSPA), Massa Seca da Raiz (MSR) e colonização das raízes. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com três tratamentos: solo com superfosfato simples (40 mg L-1), solo com cama de aviário (1,0 g L-1) e testemunha, os quais foram submetidos a ação ou não da micorriza. Não houve diferença entre as plantas com e sem micorriza, exceto, no tratamento sem micorriza com cama de aviário para MSR, que foi superior ao emprego de micorriza. Os melhores percentuais de micorrização foram das plantas tratadas com superfosfato simples. A inoculação por Pisolithus spp. não influenciou no desenvolvimento de plantas de eucalipto em casa de vegetação

Efeito da fototerapia com doidos superluminosos (890nm) na reparação tendínea: modelo experimental em ovinos. -

Este projeto teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da fototerapia na cicatrização do tendão usando diodos superluminosos fixados em 890nm. Foram induzidas lesões cirúrgicas de 0,2cm de largura x 0,5cm de comprimento, realizadas no segundo terço do Tendão Flexor Digital Superficial de 10 ovelhas saudáveis que foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo tratado com diodos superluminosos com o comprimento de onda acima mencionado e grupo controle, tratado com placebo. A Cinesioterapia foi realizada em ambos os grupos. Os exames ultrassonográficos Modo B e Doppler foram realizados durante os primeiros 14 dias após a cirurgia e, em seguida, nos dias 21 e 28, a fim de avaliar o processo de cicatrização do tendão. A biópsia foi realizada no dia 28 para avaliar a neovascularização e o padrão tendão de fibra no exame histopatológico. Ausência de claudicação e uma melhoria significativa (p < 0,05) na dor após palpação foram observadas no grupo tratado. Além disso, no modo B foi evidenciada uma redução significativa do edema (p < 0,05) nestes animais. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística em relação à evolução da lesão. Houve diferença histológica (p < 0,05) para a neovascularização no grupo tratado. Fototerapia com diodos superluminosos de 890nm minimiza os efeitos do processo inflamatórioThis project aimed to evaluate the effects of phototherapy on tendon healing using superluminous diodes set at 890nm. Surgical lesions were induced by 0.2 cm wide x 0.5 cm long, made in the second third of the superficial digital flexor tendon of 10 healthy sheep were divided into two groups: group treated with superluminous diodes with the wavelength mentioned above and control group treated with placebo. The Kinesiotherapy was performed in both groups. The B mode ultrasound examination and Doppler were performed during the first 14 days after surgery and then on days 21 and 28, to evaluate the healing of the tendon. A biopsy was performed on day 28 to evaluate neovascularization and tendon fiber pattern on histopathological examination. No lameness and a significant improvement (p <0.05) in pain after palpation were observed in the treated group. Furthermore, in the mode B was observed a significant reduction in edema (p <0.05) in these animals. No statistical difference was found in relation to the evolution of the lesion. Significant difference was seen (p <0.05) for neovascularization in the treated group. Phototherapy with 890nm superluminous diodes minimizes the effects of the inflammatory processCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Ischemia-reperfusion histopathology alterations of the rabbit intestinal wall with and without exclusion of the collateral mesenteric circulation supply Alterações histopatológicas da parede intestinal de coelhos na isquemia-reperfusão com e sem exclusão da circulação mesentérica colateral

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathology alterations of the intestinal mucosa of rabbits submitted to different times of mesenteric artery ischemia and reperfusion with and without celiac artery collateral circulation supply. METHODS: Two groups of eight male New Zealand white rabbits (weight 2.2-3.5 kg) were used in this study. In the Group 1 animals, the proximal mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 min with an atraumatic vascular clamp, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. In the Group 2 animals the small bowel and mesentery were cut 30cm and 60cm far from the gastroduodenal pyloric transition before the proximal mesenteric artery occlusion. Small bowel biopsies were obtained before ischemia (control), after 30 min and 60 min of mesenteric ischemia and at 30 and 60 min. of mesenteric artery reperfusion. RESULTS: In the Group I animals, the followings histopathology grade results were observed: t1, mean 0.4 + 0.29; t2, mean 1.9 ± 0.38; t3, 1.9 ± 0.33; t4, 1.2 ± 0.36 and t5, 1.2 ± 0.32. Differences between t0 and t2 and between t3 and t4 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Differences between t2 and t3 and t4 and t5 were not significant (p>0.5). In the Group II animals, it was observed: t1, mean 1.6 ± 0.33; t2, 2.4 ± 0.36; t3, 3.0 ± 0.35; t4 3.4 ± 0.31; t5, 3 ± 031. Differences between t0 and t1, t1 and t2, and t2 and t3 were significant (p<0.05). Differences between histopathology grades results of samples t1 to t5 in Group 1 and 2 were statistically significant (p<0.5). CONCLUSION: Microscopic examination of the biopsies revealed significant evidence of worse small bowel wall ischemia-reperfusion lesions by exclusion of the celiac artery collateral circulation supply.<br>OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações histopatológicas da mucosa intestinal de coelhos submetidos à isquemia-reperfusão com e sem exclusão da circulação mesentérica colateral. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados dois grupos de oito coelhos Nova Zelândia machos com pesos variáveis entre 2,2 e 3,5 kg de peso corpóreo. Nos animais do Grupo 1, a artéria mesentérica proximal foi ocluida por pinçamento atraumático durante 60 min, seguido de reperfusão por 60 min. No Grupo 2 o intestino delgado e o mesentério foram seccionados 30 cm e 60 após a transição pilórica gastroduodenal antes da oclusão da artéria mesentérica cranial. Biópsias da parede intestinal foram obtidas antes da isquemia (controle), após 30 e 60 min. de isquemia. RESULTADOS: No Grupo I foram observados os seguintes graus de lesões: t1,média de 0.4 + 0.29; t2, média 1.9 ± 0.38; t3, 1.9 ± 0.33; t4, 1.2 ± 0.36 e t5, 1.2 ± 0.32. As diferenças entre t0 e t2 e entre t3 e t4 foram significantes (p<0.05). As diferenças entre t2 e t3 e t4 e t5 não foram significantes (p>0.5). No Group II observou-se: t1, média de 1.6 ± 0.33; t2, 2.4 ± 0.36; t3, 3.0 ± 0.35; t4 3.4 ± 0.31; t5, 3 ± 031. As diferenças entre t0 e t1, t1 e t2, e t2 e t3 foram significantes (p<0.05). As diferenças entre os resultados histopatológicos das biopsies de t1 a t5 dos Grupos 1 e 2 foram significantes (p<0.5). CONCLUSÃO: A exclusão da circulação mesentérica colateral agravou significantemente a degeneração histopatológica na isquemia-reperfusão da parede intestinal

Effect of phototherapy with light-emitting diodes (890 nm) on tendon repair: an experimental model in sheep

The effect of phototherapy with 890-nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the healing of experimentally induced tendinitis in sheep was evaluated in this study. Partial tenotomies measuring 0.2 cm wide x 0.5 cm long were performed on the second third of the superficial digital flexor tendons of 10 healthy sheep. The animals were divided into two groups: &quot;treated&quot; (TG), treated with LEDs at the aforementioned wavelength, and &quot;control&quot; (CG), a control group treated with a placebo. Kinesiotherapy, which consisted of 5-min walks on grassy ground, was performed on both groups. B-mode and power Doppler ultrasonographies (US) were performed to evaluate the tendon healing process during the first 14 days after surgery and on the 21st and 28th postoperative days. Biopsies were performed on day 28 for the histopathological assessment of neovascularisation and the pattern of the tendon fibres. The absence of lameness and a significant improvement (p &lt; 0.05) in the sensitivity to pain during palpation were observed in the treated group. Furthermore, a significant reduction in oedema and an increased number of vessels (p &lt; 0.05) were observed in this group with the B-mode and power Doppler US, respectively. No significant difference in the evolution of the lesion was found. There was a histological difference (p &lt; 0.05) in neovascularisation in the treated group. Phototherapy with 890-nm light-emitting diodes decreases the inflammatory process.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Ingestive Behavior of Ovine Fed with Marandu Grass Silage Added with Naturally Dehydrated Brewery Residue

The objective was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of ovine fed Marandu grass silage with dehydrated brewery residue added. The experiment had a completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions, with the treatments levels of inclusion being of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% natural matter of naturally dehydrated brewery residue for 36 hours to the marandu grass silage. 20 ovines were used and the experimental period was 21 days, 15 being for adaptation to diets. The use of brewery byproduct promoted quadratic effect (P<0.05) for the consumption of dry matter with maximum point value estimated at adding 23.25% additive. Ingestion efficiency and rumination efficiency of dry matter (g DM/hour) were significant (P<0.05), by quadratic behavior, and NDF ingestion and rumination efficiency showed crescent linear behavior. The DM and NDF consumption expressed in kg/meal and in minutes/kg were also significant (P<0.05), showing quadratic behavior. Rumination activity expressed in g DM and NDF/piece was influenced (P<0.05) by the adding of brewery residue in marandu grass silage in quadratic way, with maximum value estimated of 1.57 g DM/bolus chewed in inclusion of 24.72% additive in grass silage. The conclusion is that intermediary levels adding of 20 to 25% dehydrated brewery residue affects certain parameters of ingestive behavior