Genetic diversity and symbiotic compatibility among rhizobial strains and Desmodium incanum and Lotus spp. plants

This work aimed to evaluate the symbiotic compatibility and nodulation efficiency of rhizobia isolated from Desmodium incanum, Lotus corniculatus, L. subbiflorus, L. uliginosus and L. glaber plants by cross-inoculation. Twelve reference strains and 21 native isolates of rhizobia were genetically analyzed by the BOX-PCR technique, which showed a high genetic diversity among the rhizobia studied. The isolates were also characterized based on their production of indolic compounds and siderophores, as well as on their tolerance to salinity. Fifteen of the 33 rhizobia analyzed were able to produce indolic compounds, whereas 13 produced siderophores. All the tested rhizobia were sensitive to high salinity, although some were able to grow in solutions of up to 2% NaCl. Most of the native rhizobia isolated from L. uliginosus were able to induce nodulation in all plant species studied. In a greenhouse experiment using both D. incanum and L. corniculatus plants, the rhizobia isolate UFRGS Lu2 promoted the greatest plant growth. The results demonstrate that there are native rhizobia in the soils of southern Brazil that have low host specificity and are able to induce nodulation and form active nodules in several plant species

Drying delay effect on physiological quality of stored annual ryegrass seeds

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do retardamento da secagem e do armazenamento aberto na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), cultivar Comum-RS. Compararam-se períodos de retardamento da secagem (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 e 48 horas) e períodos de armazenamento (0, 4 e 8 meses). Enquanto submetidas aos períodos de retardamento da secagem, 24 kg de sementes ficaram acondicionadas em 18 caixas de poliestireno. A secagem foi realizada sobre piso de concreto, à sombra, por 12 horas, sendo completada em estufa a 35ºC com circulação forçada de ar. As sementes mantiveram o nível inicial de germinação durante os oito meses de armazenamento, mesmo com até 12 horas de retardamento da secagem; entretanto, com seis horas de retardamento, o vigor das sementes foi reduzido aos oito meses de armazenamento, mas se manteve praticamente inalterado aos quatro meses, com até 11 horas de retardamento. Sementes com germinação acima de 70% mantiveram este valor até oito meses de armazenamento, independentemente do período de retardamento da secagem.The objective of this work was to study drying delay effect on physiological quality of annual ryegrass seeds (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), cultivar Comum-RS. Drying delay periods (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hours) and storage periods (0, 4 and 8 months) were compared. Drying delay was performed using 18 polystyrene boxes with 24 kg of seeds each. Following, seeds were placed on a shadowy concrete floor for 12 hours, followed by a drying period in a forced air oven. Seeds retained initial germination percentage after 8-month storage period with drying delay up to 12 hours. From 6-hour drying delay, seed vigor began to be reduced after 8-month storage period. Until 4-month storage period, seed vigor was maintained with up to 11-hour drying delay. Seeds with germination percentage above 70% retained those values until 8-month storage period unrelated to drying delay period

BRS 277: Wheat cultivar

The wheat cultivar ‘BRS 277’ was developed by Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária),resulting from a cross between OR1 and Coker 97-33. The plant height of ‘BRS 277’ is short, frost resistance in the vegetativestage is good and resistance to leaf rust moderate

MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CORN GRAIN STORED IN STEEL SILOS AND DRIED UNDER FORCED NATURAL AIR

The study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of corn grains stored and dried under forced natural air in three steel silos. In each silo, 4200kg of grains were placed, presenting 17.8%, 18.9% and 20.5% humidity. The evaluations were carried out at harvest time, at the end of the drying process and during the storage, at 60, 160, and 260 cm from the bottom of the silo. Water loss in greenhouse at 105 ºC, incidence of fungus in BSA environment and the occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins by CLAEEM were evaluated. Grains with 17.8%, 18.9% and 20.5% resulted in average humidity of 12.5%, 12.8% and 13.0%, respectively, after 22 days of drying, revealing that the process is technically feasible. The highest value observed for fumonisin (FB1) was 20257 μg kg-1 at 160 cm of silo A, and for aflatoxin B1 was 192 μg/kg at the end of the drying process. The drying of corn grains under natural forced air enabled the preservation of the microbiological quality, which permits to recommend the process for steel silos

Barley cultivar BRS Mariana

BRS Mariana is an early-maturing, two-rowed spring barley registered in 2005 for commercial production insouthern Brazil. Its features good biomass and grain yield potential as well as disease resistance (to net blotch, powderymildew, leaf rust). It is well adapted to all major barley production regions of southern Brazil but achieves full yield potentialin the state of Paran

Avaliação da composição química de milho seco e armazenado em silo tipo alambrado com ar natural forçado

O trabalho objetivou estudar o efeito da umidade de colheita e do tempo de armazenamento em grãos de milho secos e armazenados em silos com ar natural forçado. Grãos de milho colhidos com 17,8; 18,9 e 20,5% de água foram acondicionados em silos tipo alambrado com fundo falso perfurado e com ventiladores ligados ininterruptamente até a secagem. Amostras de milho foram coletadas nos tempos zero, 4, 8, 22 e 112 dias, em seis alturas de camada de cada silo (10, 60, 110, 160, 210 e 260 cm). A composição química foi determinada pelo uso de Espectrofotômetro do Infravermelho Proximal (NIR) e os resultados expressos em porcentagem e em base seca. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (Anova) e nas interações significativas, elaborados os gráficos de regressão. Nas determinações de proteínas, lipídios, matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro as interações foram significativas ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro, enquanto que em cinzas, umidade e carboidratos não foram verificadas diferenças significativas. A aeração natural forçada é capaz de reduzir a umidade do milho para 13%, sendo tecnicamente viável em propriedades familiares