Modelling the squeeze flow in a deformed rectangular microchannel

Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.Rheinforce cork composites, previously named elsewhere as CorkSTFluidics [1], are sandwiches consis?ng of two microagglomerated cork pads embedding microfluidic paCerns that are filled with a shear thickening fluid (see Figure 1 (a)), whose mechanical performance under impact loads is determined by the microfluidic paCern and the rheological proper?es of the fluid [2]. From the experimental results it is impossible to decouple the fluid contribu?on from the solid contribu?on to the force?me response of the composite. In this work, we have developed a simple model of the fluid-flow dynamics that it is able to predict the fluid contribu?on in the energy dissipa?on of the Rheinforce cork composites under impact loads. To that end, we model the viscous flow inside a microchannel for a known displacement of the upper lid h(t, x), calcula?ng as a result the needed force to create that movement

Financial Dependence, Formal Credit and Informal Jobs - New Evidence from Brazilian Household Data

This paper examines a much overlooked link between credit markets and formalization: since access to bank credit typically requires compliance with tax and employment legislation, firms are more likely to incur such formalization costs once bank credit is more widely available at lower cost. The relevance of this credit channel is gauged using the Rajan-Zingales measure of financial dependence and a difference-in-differences approach applied to household survey data from Brazil. It is found that formalization rates increase with financial deepening, especially in sectors where firms are typically more dependent on external finance. Also found is that, decomposing shifts in formalization rates into those within each firm size category and those between firm sizes, financial deepening significantly explains the former but not so much the latter. Some key policy implications are derived.Credit Markets, Financial Dependence, Informality, Brazil

Uso de Macroinvertebrados bentónicos como bioindicadores de calidad del agua del río Palacagüina, Norte de Nicaragua

El río Palacagüina se ubica en las coordenadas con latitud N 13º27ʹ48ʹʹ y longitud W 86º24ʹ25ʹʹ; la Ley de Aguas Nacionales de Nicaragua norma como zona de protección de fuentes de agua una franja de 200 metros a ambos lados del río; sin embargo el 58.95% de la superficie es utilizada para agricultura y ganadería que aportan una gran cantidad de nutrientes y elementos contaminantes al agua. El objetivo de este estudio es Comparar la calidad del agua del Río Palacagüina parte alta versus parte baja mediante la utilización de macroinvertebrados bentónicos como bioindicadores de calidad de agua. El fin principal de este río es el abastecimiento de agua potable a través del sistema de galería de infiltración al 46.67% de la población total del Municipio de Palacagüina estimada en 15,003; INIFOM, 2012. Durante el estudio se registraron 11 órdenes y 31 taxa; las taxas más representativas fueron Gomphidae (32.4%), Naucoridae (23.47%) y Libellulidae (16.85%). Los resultados del estudio de la calidad del agua del río Palacagüina utilizando el índice biological monitoring working party adaptado para Costa Rica (BMWP – CR) sugiere que las aguas del Río Palacagüina están contaminadas