Reflectance_and_carotenoids

Reflectance_and_carotenoid

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Effects of sex, body size and body mass on colouration of 175 common lizards caught in natural populations.

<p>The results from an ANCOVA analysis are shown with: hue, chroma and brightness as dependent variables; sex as a fixed factor; population as a random factor; and SVL, tail length and body mass as covariates. The final model was determined using backward elimination and is shown in bold. Test statistics of backward eliminated variables are given before backward elimination.</p

Correlation between basal blood corticosterone levels and the hue of the ventral colouration.

<p>The data were loglog transformed to meet the assumptions of the statistical analyses.</p

Effects of stress factors and PSR on colouration.

<p>The theory predicts that colouration remains unchanged in the absence of stress (i: no difference from time <i>i</i> to time <i>i+1</i>), while colouration is reduced in the presence of a stress factor (ii: colour reduction from time <i>i</i> to time <i>i+1</i>). In the presence of a stress factor animals activate the ELHS, thereby decreasing the negative effects of the stress. As a consequence, the colour reduction (ii) between time <i>i</i> and time <i>i+1</i> will be smaller when the PSR is stronger (iii, iv). If activated ELHS provokes the same effects in the presence and absence of stress factors, as suggested by several studies <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005111#pone.0005111-Cote2" target="_blank">[30]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005111#pone.0005111-Comendant1" target="_blank">[42]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005111#pone.0005111-Cabezas1" target="_blank">[44]</a>, activated ELHS may lead to increased colouration (v: colour increase from time <i>i</i> to time <i>i+1</i>).</p

Effects of carotenoid supplementation and corticosterone treatment on colour change in hue, chroma and brightness.

<p>The results shown are of an ANCOVA analysis with: hue, chroma and brightness as dependent variables; sex as a fixed factor; population as a random factor; and the number of larvae eaten and the body mass change as covariates. The final model was determined using backward elimination and is shown in bold. Test statistics of backward eliminated variables are given before backward elimination.</p

a–b. Average reflectance spectra of ventral colouration in male (a) and female (b) common lizards.

<p>The mean and SD per sex of the reflectance spectra measured at the beginning of the experiment are given.</p