Activity patterns of invasive lionfish at dawn and midday on culled and unculled reef patches.

<p>(A) Proportion of lionfish which were active, and (B) extent of concealment, as measured on a 3-point scale, with 3 being the most hidden (see Methods; <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094248#pone-0094248-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>) on culled (open bars) and unculled (shaded bars) coral reef patches in Eleuthera, The Bahamas. The proportion of active lionfish was weighted by reef-specific proportion of total lionfish present in the analysis, but it is presented unweighted in (a) for clarity. Boxplots show medians (thick horizontal lines), first and third quartiles (boxes) and 95% confidence intervals (whiskers), along with outliers (points). <i>n</i> = 8 patch reefs in all cases.</p

Patch reefs in Rock Sound, south Eleuthera, The Bahamas.

<p>A. Distribution of study patches in the study area. Each patch was randomly assigned on a treatment: removal of lionfish every three months (yellow dots), every six months (red dots) or no removal (black dots). The two removal regimes were combined in the analyses. B. Example of a study reef.</p

Alert distance of lionfish to an approaching diver on culled and unculled coral reef patches.

<p>Larger distances denote increased wariness. Culled patches are shown by open bars (<i>n</i> = 17 lionfish) and unculled by shaded bars (<i>n</i> = 21 lionfish). Medians (thick horizontal lines), first and third quartiles (boxes) and 95% confidence intervals (whiskers) are shown, along with an outlier (point).</p

Bird_etal_shark_trophic_geography

Carbon isotope data compiled from muscle tissues of 5394 sharks from 114 species. Data provided include d13C values, latitude of capture, designation as shelf, slope or oceanic shark, length, depth of capture (where available), C/N ratios of muscle, and lipid extraction method if used. Also included are phytoplankton d13C data modelled from Magozzi et al 2016 (Ecosphere 8(5):e01763. 10.1002/ecs2.1763). Model data expressed as the median and standard deviation d13C value for the Longhurst Biogeographic province corresponding to the location of shark captur