125 research outputs found
El uso del material alternativo en el aprendizaje del balonmano
El material alternativo, como recurso didáctico, en la sesión de balonmano es una solución creativa a la falta de medios que, por desgracia, sufren bastantes de los docentes y entrenadores que se dedican a la enseñanza de este deporte. Es una forma novedosa de contribuir al aprovechamiento de los múltiples productos de desecho que nuestra sociedad produce. A parte, y relacionado con diferentes ámbitos (formación, ocio y recreación, entrenamiento, etc.) la creación y construcción de material distinto al habitualmente empleado facilita, entre otras cuestiones, el acercamiento de posibles practicantes a este deporte; ya que se inician al mismo desde otras perspectivas. Por último, en este artÃculo se muestran algunas de las posibilidades de aplicación de este tipo de material a uno de los ámbitos anteriormente mencionados, el del entrenamiento deportivo
The Role of the Specific Strength Test in Handball Performance: Exploring Differences across Competitive Levels and Age Groups
The aim of this study was to determine if specific physical tests are sufficiently discriminant
to differentiate players of similar anthropometric characteristics, but of different playing levels.
Physical tests were conducted analyzing specific strength, throwing velocity, and running speed tests.
Thirty-six male junior handball players (n = 36; age 19.7 1.8 years; 185.6 6.9 cm; 83.1 10.3 kg;
10.6 3.2 years of experience) from two different levels of competition participated in the study:
NT = 18 were world top-level elite players, belonging to the Spanish junior men’s national team
(National Team = NT) and A = 18 players of the same age and anthropometric conditions, who
were selected from Spanish third league men’s teams (Amateur = A). The results showed significant
differences (p < 0.05) between the two groups in all physical tests, except for two-step-test velocity
and shoulder internal rotation. We conclude that a battery combining the Specific Performance Test
and the Force Development Standing Test is useful in identifying talent and differentiating between
elite and sub-elite players. The current findings suggest that running speed tests and throwing tests
are essential in selecting players, regardless of age, sex, or type of competition. The results shed light
on the factors that differentiate players of different levels and can help coaches in selecting players.FEDER/ Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities—
State Research Agency (Dossier number: RTI2018-099723-B-I00
Effects of the Type of Sports Practice on the Executive Functions of Schoolchildren
There is a close relationship between the development of complex motor skills and executive functions during childhood. This study aimed to analyze the differences in different dimensions of executive functions in children practicing an open-skill sport (handball) and a closed-skill sport (athletics) and controls who did not participate in sports activities after a 12-week intervention period. School-aged male and female subjects (n = 90; mean +/- standard deviation = 11.45 +/- 0.68 years) participated in a non-randomized controlled study. Data analysis was performed using the STATA V.15 statistical software. The athletics intervention promoted semantic fluency (p = 0.007), whereas handball increased inhibition (p = 0.034). Additionally, physical activity improved in both intervention groups (p = < 0.001), whereas sprint performance improved in the handball group following intervention (p = 0.008), lower body muscular power improved in athletics (p = 0.04), and evidence of improvement in upper body muscular strength was noted in handball (p = 0.037). In turn, an increase in the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children score showed an association with the Standard Ten scores of executive functions. In conclusion, compared to controls, both athletics and handball induced meaningful improvements in physical activity and executive functions. However, sport-specific adaptations were noted after athletics (i.e., semantic fluency and lower body muscular power) and handball (i.e., inhibition, sprint, and upper-body muscular strength)
Concurrent training and interindividual response in women with a high number of metabolic syndrome risk factors
The non-responders (NRs) after exercise training have been poorly studied in
populations with morbid obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine
the NR prevalence after 20 weeks of concurrent training of morbidly obese
women with a high or low number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors.
Twenty-eight women with morbid obesity participated in an exercise training
intervention and were allocated into two groups distributed based on a high (≥3,
n = 11) or low number (<3, n = 17) of MetS risk factors. The main outcomes were
waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipids
(HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure,
and secondary outcomes were body composition, anthropometric and physical
fitness, determined before and after 20 weeks of concurrent training. NRs were defined as previously used technical error cut-off points for the MetS outcomes.
Significantly different (all p < 0.05) prevalences of NRs between the H-MetS vs.
L-MetS groups (respectively) in WC (NRs 18.2 % vs. 41.1 %, p < 0.0001), SBP (NRs
72.7 % vs. 47.0 %, p = 0.022), DBP (NRs 54.5 % vs. 76.4 %, p < 0.0001), FPG (NRs
100% vs. 64.8 %, p < 0.0001), and HDL-c (NRs 90.9 % vs. 64.7 %, p = 0.012) were
observed. In addition, the H-MetS group evidenced significant changes on ΔSBP
(−10.2 ± 11.4 mmHg), ΔFPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 mg/dl), ΔHDL-c (+4.0 ± 5.9 mg/dl), and
ΔTg (−8.8 ± 33.8 mg/dl), all p < 0.05. The L-MetS group only showed significant
changes in ΔWC (−3.8 ± 5.0 cm, p = 0.009). Comparing H-MetS vs. L-MetS
groups, significant differences were observed in ΔFPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 vs. +0.3 ±
3.2 mg/dl, p = 0.027), but not in other MetS outcomes. In conclusion, 20 weeks
of concurrent training promotes greater beneficial effects in morbidly obese
patients with a high number of MetS risk factors. However, the NR prevalence
for improving MetS outcomes was significantly superior in these more-diseased
groups in SBP, FPG, and HDL-c, independent of their major training-induced
effects.Recualificacion del Profesorado UniversitarioUniversity de La Frontera, ChileModalidad Maria ZambranoUniversidad de Granada/Ministerio de Universidades y Fondos Next Generation de la Union Europea
DI21-0030
FRO189
Exercise Training Program Improves Subjective Sleep Quality and Physical Fitness in Severely Obese Bad Sleepers
Background: Sleep quality is an important modulator of neuroendocrine function, as sleep problems are related to metabolic and endocrine alterations. Objective: The main objective was to determine the effects of an exercise training program on the sleep quality of severely obese patients with sleep problems. The secondary objective was to determine the relationship between fitness and anthropometric parameters with sleep quality scores. Methods: Thirty severely obese patients participated in 16 weeks of PA intervention (age: 39.30 +/- 11.62 y, BMI: 42.75 +/- 5.27 kg/m(2)). Subjective sleep quality, anthropometric parameters, and fitness (i.e., handgrip strength and cardiorespiratory fitness) were measured. Results: Two groups were defined as good sleepers (n = 15, 38.06 +/- 12.26, men = 1) and bad sleepers (n = 15, 40.53 +/- 11.23, men = 3). The good sleeper group reported improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (61.33 +/- 68.75 m vs. 635.33 +/- 98.91 m, p = 0.003) and handgrip strength (29.63 +/- 9.29 kg vs. 31.86 +/- 7.17 kg, p = 0.049). The bad sleeper group improved their cardiorespiratory fitness (472.66 +/- 99.7 m vs. 611.33 +/- 148.75 m, p = 0.001). In terms of sleep quality dimensions, the bad sleeper group improved their subjective sleep quality (p < 0.001), sleep latency (p = 0.045), sleep duration (p = 0.031), and habitual sleep efficiency (p = 0.015). Comparing the changes in both groups ( increment ), there were differences in subjective sleep quality scores ( increment = 2.23 vs. increment = -3.90, p = 0.002), where 86.6% of the bad sleeper group improved sleep quality (p = 0.030). An increase in handgrip strength was correlated to improving sleep quality scores (r = -0.49, p = 0.050). Conclusions: Severely obese bad sleepers improved their subjective sleep quality, the components of sleep, and cardiorespiratory fitness through an exercise training program. Improvement in subjective sleep quality was linked to an increase in handgrip strength.University de La Frontera, Chile Project DI21-0030
FRO 1895Universidad de Granada/Ministerio de Universidades y Fondos Next Generation de la Union Europe
The Social Distance Impacts from COVID-19 Pandemic on the Development of Two Orders of a Concurrent Training Programme for Morbidly Obese Patients
Background: Although there is relevant information regarding the consequences of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), little is known about the impact of the imposed social confinement (at home) on the development of exercise training programmes in populations with morbid obesity. Aim: To describe the effects of the imposed COVID-19 confinement on the cardiometabolic health benefits acquired through a concurrent training programme that started before the pandemic in populations with morbid obesity. Methods: This was an experimental randomized clinical study, in which sedentary morbidly obese women were assigned 1:1 to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT) group (HIIT + RT; n = 11; BMI 42.1 +/- 6.6) or to the same exercise dose, but in different order group of RT plus HIIT group (RT + HIIT; n = 7; BMI 47.5 +/- 8.4). Both groups undertook two sessions/week. When COVID-19 confinement at home started, a post-test was applied in January 2020 (Post1) and after 20 months (Post2). The main outcomes were waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Results: In the HIIT + RT group, the WC showed significant increases from Post1 to Post2 (Delta + 3.1 cm, p = 0.035); in the RT + HIIT group, it decreased from Post1 to Post2 (Delta - 4.8 cm, p = 0.028). In the HIIT + RT group, SBP showed significant increases from Post1 to Post2 (Delta + 6.2 mmHg, p = 0.041); the RT + HIIT group decreased SBP from Pre0 to Post1 (Delta - 7.2 mmHg, p = 0.026) and increased DBP from Pre0 to Post1 (Delta + 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.015). Tg in the HIIT + RT group decreased from Pre0 to Post1 (Delta - 40.1 mg/dL, p = 0.023) but increased from Post1 to Post2 (Delta + 86.3 mg/dL, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 social confinement worsened metabolic syndrome (MetS) outcomes that had improved from 20 weeks' RT + HIIT during the training period, such as WC, SBP, and Tg from HIIT + RT, when, worryingly, SBP increased to another more serious clinical classification in both groups.University de La Frontera, Chile Project DI21-0030
FRO1895Universidad de Granada/Ministerio de Universidades y Fondos Next Generation de la Union Europe
Analysis of grip specificity on force production in grapplers and its effect on bilateral deficit grip specificity and bilateral deficit in force production among grapplers
The use of strength training is important for athletes in combat sports such as judo
and jiu-jitsu. Specificity is key when prescribing strength training programs for
athletes, considering maximal strength, muscular power and strengthendurance.
Grappling combat sports require grip control, which is necessary to
execute throwing techniques and groundwork. The aim of this study was to
verify the bilateral strength deficit in general and in grappling combat sportspecific
action in the control group and grapplers. A sample of 73 subjects,
divided into 2 groups, was used: the Student Group (15 females and 16 males)
and the Grappler Group (29 males and 13 females). The male and female
participants attended four laboratory sessions over a 48-hour interval, the first
two to familiarize themselves with the Electromechanical Functional
Dynamometer (EMFD), and the last two to collect maximal isometric strength
data, using a standard grip and a judo/jiujitsu specific grip. Significant differences
in mean and peak forces (p < 0.001) were found, with high performance combat
sport athletes having greater maximal isometric strength compared to students
both bilaterally and unilaterally (p < 0.001). All comparisons also indicated higher
values for males compared to females (p < 0.001). The results suggest that
specific training in combat sports as well as sex differences play a significant
role in maximal isometric strength performance. The type of grip used affects
the application of force in the upper limb isometric strength tests, finding a
main effect of grip type (p < 0.001), with the standard grip obtaining higher
levels. However, the dominance between hands remains constant. More
research is needed on specific judogi/jiu-jitsu-gi grips and their impact on
maximal isometric strength with the EMFD
Efectos de diferentes protocolos de fortalecimiento de miembro inferior sobre la fuerza, potencia y actividad muscular en sujetos sedentarios y fÃsicamente inactivos: una revisión sistemática
The purpose of this systematic review was: a) to determine the quality of evidence from studies assessing the effects of different lower limb strengthening
protocols on muscle activity, strength, and power in sedentary and/or physically inactive subjects; and b) to determine the effectiveness
of lower extremity strengthening protocols on muscle activity, strength, and power in sedentary and/or physically inactive subjects. Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements were followed using keywords associated with strength training,
lower limb, sedentary, and physical inactivity. Four databases were used: Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus.
Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. A total of 164 articles were retrieved, six included in this review. Four studies were
classified as fair methodological quality, and two were considered of good methodological quality.
Due to the heterogeneity in methodological aspects and the limited number of articles including the variables under study, it was not possible to
establish a measure of effectiveness of lower limb strengthening protocols on muscle activity, strength, or power. In conclusion, strength training
in the lower limb seems to improve the levels of strength, power, and muscular activity in sedentary subjects. However, due to the limited number
of articles, methodological variability, and training methods used, it is necessary to conduct new studies that control these variables.El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue: a) determinar la calidad de la evidencia de los estudios que evaluaron los efectos de diferentes
protocolos de fortalecimiento de miembros inferiores sobre la actividad, la fuerza y la potencia muscular en sujetos sedentarios y/o fÃsicamente
inactivos; y b) determinar la efectividad de los protocolos de fortalecimiento sobre la actividad, fuerza y potencia muscular de miembros inferiores
en sujetos sedentarios y/o fÃsicamente inactivos. Se siguieron los criterios PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and
Meta-Analyse) utilizando palabras clave asociadas con el entrenamiento de fuerza, extremidades inferiores, sedentarismo e inactividad fÃsica. Se
revisaron cuatro bases de datos: Medline vÃa PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y SPORTDiscus. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la
escala PEDro. Se recuperaron 164 artÃculos en total, seis incluidos en esta revisión. Cuatro estudios se clasificaron como de calidad metodológica
regular y dos se consideraron de buena calidad metodológica.
Debido a la heterogeneidad en los aspectos metodológicos y al escaso número de artÃculos que incluyeron las variables en estudio, no fue posible
establecer una medida de efectividad de los protocolos de fortalecimiento de miembros inferiores sobre la actividad, la fuerza o la potencia
muscular. En conclusión, el entrenamiento de fuerza en el miembro inferior parece mejorar los niveles de fuerza, potencia y actividad muscular en
sujetos sedentarios. No obstante, debido al número limitado de artÃculos, la variabilidad metodológica y los métodos de entrenamiento utilizados,
es necesario realizar nuevos estudios que controlen estas variables
La percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo para el control de la carga de entrenamiento en una temporada en un equipo de balonmano
The aim of this research is to study the applicability of the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) from a double perspective. Firstly, RPE helps coaches monitor training load over a season in team sports. Secondly RPE is used as an ad hoc tool for daily monitoring of planned training by the coaching staff. Heart rate reserve (HRR) was used to regulate the internal load of each session. Thirteen players from a Top Division Handball team participated in the research carried out over a complete season. The results showed RPE is a good indicator of training load in team sports and RPE is also a valid procedure to compare load values planned by coaches (RPEp) with actual values (RPEg) (rxy = .792; p < .01). It can be concluded that RPE and HRR (rxy = .839; p < .01) together are reliable, non-invasive measures for monitoring training load and they also help determine the physical fitness of players throughout the season
Anthropometric Parameters, Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Executive Functions among Primary School Children
Physical activity during childhood and adolescence favors brain development and cognitive functioning, particularly the executive functions. This study aimed to assess potential associations between anthropometric parameters, physical activity, physical fitness, and executive functions among elementary school children returning to school after the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. School-age male and female participants (n = 90; age, 10-12 years) participated in the study. To determine the association between variables, a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Higher fat-related anthropometric indexes were associated with lower working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, and attention (r = -0.55 to -0.22; p = 0.031 to <0.001). In contrast, higher physical activity levels, better sprint performance, higher lower-body muscular power, and greater upper-body muscular strength were associated with better working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning, and/or attention (r = 0.19 to -0.54; p = 0.04 to <0.001). Current results consistently suggest the need for adequate levels of physical activity, physical fitness, and anthropometric parameters among the school-age population to promote healthy and adequate executive functions
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