9,506 research outputs found
On the propagation of the highest energy cosmic ray nuclei
We study the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray nuclei through the
background of cosmic microwave and intergalactic infrared photons, using recent
re-estimates for the density of the last ones. We perform a detailed Monte
Carlo simulation to follow the disintegration histories of nuclei starting as
Fe and reaching the Earth from extragalactic sources. We obtain the maximum
energies of the arriving nuclear fragments as well as the mass composition as a
function of the distance traveled. Cosmic rays with energies in excess of
eV cannot originate from Fe nuclei produced in sources beyond
10 Mpc.Comment: 8 page
Organization and Inequality in a Knowledge Economy
We present a theory of the organization of work in an economy where knowledge is an essential input in production: a knowledge economy. In this economy a continuum of agents with heterogeneous skills must choose how much knowledge to acquire and may produce on their own or in organizations. Our theory generates an assignment of workers to positions, a wage structure, and a continuum of knowledge-based hierarchies. Organization allows low skill agents to ask others for directions. Thus, they acquire less knowledge than in isolation. In contrast, organization allows high skill agents to leverage their knowledge through large teams. Hence, they acquire more knowledge than on their own. As a result, organization decreases wage inequality within workers, but increases income inequality among the highest skill agents. We also show that equilibrium assignments and earnings can be interpreted as the outcome of alternative market institutions such as firms, or consulting and referral markets. We use our theory to study the impact of information and communication technology, and contrast its predictions with US evidence.
A correction on Shiloach's algorithm for minimum linear arrangement of trees
More than 30 years ago, Shiloach published an algorithm to solve the minimum
linear arrangement problem for undirected trees. Here we fix a small error in
the original version of the algorithm and discuss its effect on subsequent
literature. We also improve some aspects of the notation.Comment: A new introductory paragraph has been added; error solutions and
notation improvements are discussed with more dept
On the disintegration of cosmic ray nuclei by solar photons
We discuss in detail the possibility of observing pairs of simultaneous
parallel air showers produced by the fragments of cosmic ray nuclei which
disintegrated in collisions with solar photons. We consider scenarios with
different cosmic ray compositions, exploring the predicted rates for existing
and planned detectors and looking for methods to extract information on the
initial composition from the characteristics of the signal. In particular, we
find that fluorescence detectors, such as HiRes or the Telescope Array, due to
their low threshold ( eV) and large area () may
observe several events per year if cosmic rays at those energies are indeed
heavy nuclei. The possibility of exploiting the angular orientation of the
plane containing the two showers to further constrain the cosmic ray
composition is also discussed.Comment: 15 page
Unemployment Rate and the Real Wage Behavoir: A Neoclassical Hint for the Colombian Labor Market Adjustment
The colombian urban unemployment rate grew dramatically over the last six years. At the same time the real wage also had a sharp increase: The empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that an exogenous increase in the real wage was a cause of the unemployment growth. The long-run elasticity suggest that one percent increase of the real wage index increases unemployment rate something between 0.7 and 1.0 percent. Therefore it seems necessary that real wage comes back to its equilibrium path for the reduction of the unemployment rate to the natural level.Unemployment rate, real wage, cointegration, long-run elasticities.
Labor Participation of Married Women in Colombia
A pseudo-panel was built to estimate the determinants of the labor participation decision of married women between 1984 and 2000. Past participation decisions, education level, labor income taxes, children between 1 and 2 years of age, and the presence of other people unemployed at home are the main explanatory variables of married women’s labor participation in Colombia . The interest rate variable does not offer any insight into that decision.married women, labor participation, state-dependence, fertility.
The Time-Varying Long-Run Unemployment Rate: The Colombian Case
The long-run component of the Colombian unemployment rate is estimated for the last twenty years. According to the results, the main determinants of the permanent component of the unemployment rate are the real hourly wage, the non-wage labor costs and the rate of capital accumulation. Given the statistical properties of the variables, a cointegration approach was adopted.Unemployment rate, labor costs, capital accumulation, cointegration
Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy
How does the formation of cross-country teams affect the organization of work and the structure of wages? To study this question we propose a theory of the assignment of heterogeneous agents into hierarchical teams, where less skilled agents specialize in production and more skilled agents specialize in problem solving. We first analyze the properties of the competitive equilibrium of the model in a closed economy, and show that the model has a unique and efficient solution. We then study the equilibrium of two-country model (North and South), where countries differ in their distributions of ability, and in which agents in different countries can join together in teams. We refer to this type of integration as globalization. Globalization leads to better matches for all southern workers but only for the best northern workers. As a result, we show that globalization increases wage inequality in the South but not necessarily in the North. We also study how globalization affects the size distribution of firms and the patterns of consumption and trade in the global economy.
Anapole moment of the lightest neutralino in the cMSSM
We study the anapole moment of the lightest neutralino in the constrained
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (cMSSM). The electromagnetic anapole is
the only allowed electromagnetic form factor for Majorana fermions, such as the
neutralino. Since the neutralino is the LSP in many versions of the MSSM and
therefore a candidate for dark matter, its characterization through its
electromagnetic properties is important both for particle physics and for
cosmology. We perform a scan in the parameter space of the cMSSM and find that
the anapole moment is different from zero albeit very small (
GeV). Combined with experimental constraints like the Higgs mass and the
DM relic density, the allowed region of parameter space lies within the reach
of future direct DM searches. Thus, the anapole moment could be used as a
complementary constraint when studying the parameter space of the cMSSM and
other similar models.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1206.505
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