The geomorphic dimension global change : risks and opportunities

Fil: Hurtado, Martín Adolfo. Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos (IGS). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Forte, Luis M.. Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos (IGS). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bruschi, Viola María. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Bonachea, Jaime. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Rivas, Victoria. DGUOT. Universidad de Cantabria. Santander; EspañaFil: Gómez Arozamena, José. DCMQ. Universidad de Cantabria. Santander; EspañaFil: Dantas Ferreira, Marcilene. Departamento de Engenharia Civil. Universidade Federal de SÆo Carlos. SÆo Paulo; BrasilFil: Remondo, Juan. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: González, A.. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Díaz de Terán, J.R.. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Salas, L.. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Cendrero, Antonio. Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos (IGS). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Influence of predation risk on male courtship and mate choice in sailfin mollies, Poecilia latipinna

Females are typically considered the “choosier” sex, however males may express a great deal choice under certain circumstances (sperm limitation and competition, parental investment, and resource limitation, etc.). Despite the strong effects of predation risk observed on female choice, few studies have examined to role of risk on shaping male mate choice. Herein we reviewed the literature on male mate choice and predation risk. We then presented the results of a study of the effects of varying levels of predation risk on the male mate choice in sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna). The presence of a predator (at both high and low levels of predation risk) had no affect on the overall levels of male receptivity. Predation risk also did not affect the degree to which males preferred to associate with a conspecific female over a heterospecific, sexual parasite, the amazon molly (Poecilia formosa). In the absence of predation risk, however, males did show a significant preference for displaying to amazon mollies. This preference was extinguished at both levels of predation risk. These results indicate that, if anything, the presence of predation risk makes males less choosy about which female they choose to court.Biological Sciences, School o

Meloxicam and buprenorphine treatment after ovarian transplantation does not affect estrous cyclicity and follicular integrity in aged CBA/J mice.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is important for the survival of ovarian transplants and the restoration of ovarian functions. Without angiogenesis, transplanted ovarian tissue becomes more susceptible to tissue damage and necrosis. Administration of analgesics for pain management has been shown to decrease angiogenesis, which can influence transplant success especially in aged animals. Aging and the effects of hypoxia after transplantation decrease reproductive viability of the ovarian transplant; therefore, it is important to understand the additional effects of analgesics on aged animal models. The present study investigated the effects of two analgesics, buprenorphine, an opiate, and meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on the reproductive indicators related to estrous cyclicity and follicular integrity after ovarian transplantation of young ovaries into aged CBA/J mice. These aged females did not show any different reproductive responses when treated with either buprenorphine or meloxicam. No significant differences were observed in estrous cycle length, the onset of estrous cycling, the regularity of estrous cycles, and the proportion of viable follicles and total number of follicles per ovarian sample across treatment groups

Boxplots of the estrous cycle classifications for each treatment.

<p>(A) regular, defined by 4–5 days in length. (B) extended, defined by 3–4 consecutive days of estrus or 4–5 consecutive days of diestrus. (C) abnormal, defined by having >4 days consecutive days of estrus or >6 consecutive days of diestrus. <i>N</i> = 25, saline (<i>n</i> = 7), buprenorphine (<i>n</i> = 9), meloxicam (<i>n</i> = 9). (Rank transformed, MANOVA: F(6,40) = 0.60, <i>p</i> = 0.73). The horizontal line in each box interior represents the median, the upper and lower whiskers show the maximum and minimum values, the upper hinge represents the 75^th percentile, the lower hinge represents the 25^th percentile, “o” represents an outside value, and asterisk (*) represents a far outside value.</p

Percentage of females from each treatment exhibiting the three categories of estrous cycles: regular, extended, and abnormal.

<p>Regular cycles defined by cycle lengths of 4–5 days, extended cycles defined by 3–4 days of consecutive estrus or 4–5 days of diestrus, and abnormal cycles defined by >4 days or consecutive estrus or >5 days of diestrus, (Chi-square Test of Independence, Regular χ² = 1.85 and <i>p</i> = 0.40, Extended χ² = 0.11 and <i>p</i> = 0.95, Abnormal χ² = 3.87 and <i>p</i> = 0.15).</p

Boxplots of the estrous cycle length in days taken from daily vaginal cytology for each time block after surgery.

<p>(A) all 75 days (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA: χ² = 0.92, df = 2, <i>p</i> = 0.63). (B) block 1, days 1–25 after surgery. (C) block 2 days 26–50 after surgery. (D) block 3, days 51–75 after surgery. <i>N</i> = 22, saline (<i>n</i> = 6), buprenorphine (<i>n</i> = 8), meloxicam (<i>n</i> = 8). (Rank transformed, MANOVA: F(6,34) = 0.27, <i>p</i> = 0.95). The horizontal line in each box interior represents the median, the upper and lower whiskers show the maximum and minimum values, the upper hinge represents the 75^th percentile, the lower hinge represents the 25^th percentile, “o” represents an outside value, and asterisk (*) represents a far outside value.</p

Boxplots of the number of each follicle type per ovarian sample (each ovarian sample consists of nine tissue sections).

<p><i>N</i> = 24, saline (<i>n</i> = 6), buprenorphine (<i>n</i> = 9), meloxicam (<i>n</i> = 9). (Rank transformed, MANOVA: F(10,34) = 0.45, <i>p</i> = 0.91). (A) primordial follicles. (B) primary follicles. (C) secondary follicles. (D) early antral follicles. (E) antral follicles. (F) atretic follicles. The horizontal line in each box interior represents the median, the upper and lower whiskers show the maximum and minimum values, the upper hinge represents the 75^th percentile, the lower hinge represents the 25^th percentile, “o” represents an outside value, and asterisk (*) represents a far outside value.</p

The proportion of viable follicles and the total number of follicles per ovarian sample for each treatment.

<p>Data are shown as mean ± SD. Each ovarian sample consists of nine tissue sections. The total number of follicles per ovarian sample includes counts from viable and atretic follicles. (MANOVA, F(4,40) = 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.98).</p

Representative follicle types, H&E stain, 100X total magnification.

<p>(A) primordial follicle, (B) primary follicle, (C) secondary follicle, (D) antral follicle, (F) atretic follicle. Corresponding follicles are marked by arrows.</p

Natural and human forcing in recent geomorphic change; case studies in the Rio de la Plata basin

An analysis of geomorphic system`s response to change in human and natural drivers in some areas within the Rio de la Plata basin is presented The aim is to determine whether an acceleration of geomorphic processes has taken place in recent years and, if so, to what extent it is due to natural (climate) or human (land-use) drivers Study areas of different size, socio-economic and geomorphic conditions have been selected: the Rio de la Plata estuary and three sub-basins within its watershed Sediment cores were extracted and dated ((210)Pb) to determine sedimentation rates since the end of the 19th century. Rates were compared with time series on rainfall as well as human drivers such as population, GDP, livestock load, crop area, energy consumption or cement consumption, all of them related to human capacity to disturb land surface Data on river discharge were also gathered Results obtained indicate that sedimentation rates during the last century have remained essentially constant in a remote Andean basin, whereas they show important increases in the other two, particularly one located by the Sao Paulo metropolitan area Rates in the estuary are somewhere in between It appears that there is an intensification of denudation/sedimentation processes within the basin. Rainfall remained stable or varied very slightly during the period analysed and does not seem to explain increases of sedimentation rates observed. Human drivers, particularly those more directly related to capacity to disturb land surface (GDP, energy or cement consumption) show variations that suggest human forcing is a more likely explanation for the observed change in geomorphic processes It appears that a marked increase in denudation, of a ""technological"" nature, is taking place in this basin and leading to an acceleration of sediment supply This is coherent with similar increases observed in other regions (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reservedPlan Nacional de I+D+I, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain[CAMGEO]Plan Nacional de I+D+I, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain[CGL2006-11431]Universidad de Cantabria (Spain)Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina)Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP, Sao Carlos, Brasil)MEC, Spai