85 research outputs found
Multi-AI Complex Systems in Humanitarian Response
AI is being increasingly used to aid response efforts to humanitarian
emergencies at multiple levels of decision-making. Such AI systems are
generally understood to be stand-alone tools for decision support, with ethical
assessments, guidelines and frameworks applied to them through this lens.
However, as the prevalence of AI increases in this domain, such systems will
begin to encounter each other through information flow networks created by
interacting decision-making entities, leading to multi-AI complex systems which
are often ill understood. In this paper we describe how these multi-AI systems
can arise, even in relatively simple real-world humanitarian response
scenarios, and lead to potentially emergent and erratic erroneous behavior. We
discuss how we can better work towards more trustworthy multi-AI systems by
exploring some of the associated challenges and opportunities, and how we can
design better mechanisms to understand and assess such systems. This paper is
designed to be a first exposition on this topic in the field of humanitarian
response, raising awareness, exploring the possible landscape of this domain,
and providing a starting point for future work within the wider community.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Sequences of purchases in credit card data reveal life styles in urban populations
Zipf-like distributions characterize a wide set of phenomena in physics,
biology, economics and social sciences. In human activities, Zipf-laws describe
for example the frequency of words appearance in a text or the purchases types
in shopping patterns. In the latter, the uneven distribution of transaction
types is bound with the temporal sequences of purchases of individual choices.
In this work, we define a framework using a text compression technique on the
sequences of credit card purchases to detect ubiquitous patterns of collective
behavior. Clustering the consumers by their similarity in purchases sequences,
we detect five consumer groups. Remarkably, post checking, individuals in each
group are also similar in their age, total expenditure, gender, and the
diversity of their social and mobility networks extracted by their mobile phone
records. By properly deconstructing transaction data with Zipf-like
distributions, this method uncovers sets of significant sequences that reveal
insights on collective human behavior.Comment: 30 pages, 26 figure
PulseSatellite: A tool using human-AI feedback loops for satellite image analysis in humanitarian contexts
Humanitarian response to natural disasters and conflicts can be assisted by
satellite image analysis. In a humanitarian context, very specific satellite
image analysis tasks must be done accurately and in a timely manner to provide
operational support. We present PulseSatellite, a collaborative satellite image
analysis tool which leverages neural network models that can be retrained
on-the fly and adapted to specific humanitarian contexts and geographies. We
present two case studies, in mapping shelters and floods respectively, that
illustrate the capabilities of PulseSatellite.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figure
Coronary Artery Tracking in 3D Cardiac CT Images Using Local Morphological Reconstruction Operators
Automatic segmentation and tracking of the coronary artery tree from Cardiac Multislice-CT images is an important goal to improve the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. This paper presents a semi-automatic algorithm (one input point per vessel) based on morphological grayscale local reconstructions in 3D images devoted to the extraction of the coronary artery tree. The algorithm has been evaluated in the framework of the Coronary Artery Tracking Challenge 2008 [1], obtaining consistent results in overlapping measurements (a mean of 70% of the vessel well tracked). Poor results in accuracy measurements suggest that future work should refine the centerline extraction. The algorithm can be efficiently implemented and its general strategy can be easily extrapolated to a completely automated centerline extraction or to a user interactive vessel extractio
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