Bio-Diesel Based Additive for Enhancing Flow of Emulsion in Pipeline

Emulsions are difficult to transport in the oil and gas industry due to its water content and high viscosity property, thus a need arises to break these emulsions down into lighter emulsions that would make it a lot more suitable for transportation. In this research, biodiesel was synthesized and used to break down relatively viscous emulsion samples into lighter emulsion samples. An apparatus was designed with the aim of determining the flowrate of four different samples in different proportions and compositions: 80% oil and 20% water (sample A), 90% sample A + 10% of biodiesel by volume (sample B), 75% of sample A + 25% of biodiesel by volume (sample C), 60% of sample A + 40% biodiesel by volume (sample D). The results showed that it was possible to significantly increase the flow of emulsions by injecting biodiesel, which was acted as a surfactant, resulting in the lowering of the surface tension of the emulsion sample. The relevance of this research work is validated as it proffers a solution to the transportation of heavy oil and emulsions from all over the world possessing the non-Newtonian flow behavior, which results in serious problems related to its transportation

Upaya Memacu Pertumbuhan Tunas Mikro Kentang Kultivar Granola dengan Jenis dan Konsentrasi Sitokinin Berbeda

Micro-shoot growth is the first step in the potato microtuber formation. The main factors were known controlling microtuber formation including the media type, the concentration of sucrose, the type and concentration of plant growth regulators, temperature, and photoperiodicity. This research aimed to determine the influence of the t of cytokinin and its concentration on the micro-shoot formation of Granola cultivar of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), as well as to determine the best cytokinin type and its concentration on micro-shoot formation of Granola cultivar potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The research was experimental in a split-plot design. The main plot was the type of cytokinin (BAP and Kinetin), and the subplot was cytokinin concentration at five levels of concentrations, i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM. This study replicated each treatment three times which resulted in obtaining 30 experimental units. The data obtained were then analyzed using an analysis of variance, followed by honest significant difference test at 95 and 99% levels of confidence. The results showed that the formation of micro-shoot of Granola cultivar of potato was controlled by the type and concentration of cytokinin used. The addition of 5‒15 μM of BAP was found to be the best treatments to stimulate micro-shoot formation of Granola cultivar of potato

Effect of cuscuta reflexa stem and calotropis procera leaf extracts on glucose tolerance in glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats and mice

Cuscuta reflexa (whole plant) and Calotropis procera (leaves) are used in folk medicine of Bangladesh to control blood sugar in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. The hypoglycemic effects of methanol and chloroform extracts of whole plants of Cuscuta reflexa, and methanol extract of leaves of Calotropis procera were investigated in oral glucose tolerance tests in Long Evans rats and Swiss albino mice, respectively. Both methanol and chloroform extracts of Cuscuta reflexa whole plant demonstrated significant oral hypoglycemic activity in glucose-loaded rats at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The methanol extract of leaves of Calotropis procera, when tested at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight did not demonstrate any oral hypoglycemic effect when tested in glucose-loaded mice.Key words: Cuscuta reflexa, Calotropis procera, hypoglycemic activity, oral glucose tolerance test

Anti-Corrosion Activities of Apen-Class Inhibitive Drug on Aluminium Alloy in Simulated Chloride Environment

In this study, aluminium material normally used in the underlie ship was immersed in simulated sodium chloride environment and its degradation properties was evaluated. Investigation of corrosion rate and mass weight loss through gravimetric tests measurements showed that less mass loss was recorded for tests in sodium chloride with 3-(2'- chloro-6' fluorophenyl) and lowest corrosion rate values were found at 10%. On the other hand, the mass loss deteriorated in all 3-(2'-chloro-6' fluorophenyl) with less uniform corrosion. The existence of chloride dissolved the interfacial surface layer resulting into pit initiation and growth. It is found that corrosion degradation of aluminum is dependent on chloride and inhibitive concentratio

EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM AND HURA CREPITANS PLANT OIL ON THE RHEOLOGICAL AND FILTRATION PROPERTIES OF WATER-BASED MUD

The performance of drilling mud is a function of the rheological and filtration properties, if these properties are not properly managed, could lead to drilling challenges. This research work is aimed at evaluating the potential of plant oils in the rheological and filtration properties of the water-based mud. In this experiment, the Calophyllum inophyllum and Hura crepitans were extracted from their seeds using a Soxhlet extractor and a distillation apparatus. Water-based mud was formulated using bentonite, carboxyl-methyl-cellulose (CMC), potassium hydroxide (KOH), deionized water, and the diesel oil, Calophyllum inophyllum and Hura crepitans oil was added in 5, 10, to 25 ml concentrations. The flash point, fire point, specific gravity, emulsion stability, pH, the kinematic viscosity of oil were measured. The rheological, physicochemical, and filtration properties of the mud were also measured. The result revealed appreciable properties of Calophyllum inophyllum and Hura crepitans plant oil are within and close to the ASTM standard. The plant oils are better fluid loss controllers than the diesel oil as they reduced the volume of fluid loss when added to ordinary water-based mud. Hura crepitans oil-in-water emulsion mud had relatively acceptable rheological properties than the Calophyllum inophyllum and diesel oil-in-water emulsion mud. Increasing rheological properties was observed as the concentration of the Calophyllum inophyllum, Hura crepitans, and diesel oil was increasing

Stres Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Pengaruhnya terhadap Prestasi Pegawai pada Biro Umum Setda Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

Setiap organisasi pemerintah dituntut untuk dapat mengoptimalkan kinerjanya melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya manusia. Stres kerja dan lingkungan kerja dapat berpengaruh positif atau negatif terhadap prestasi pegawai karena dapat menimbulkan suatu kondisi ketegangan yang menciptakan adanya ketikdakseimbangan fisik dan psikis, yang mempengaruhi emosi, proses berpikir, dan kondisi seseorang pegawai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh stres kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap prestasi pegawai pada Biro Umum Setda Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Sampel yang digunakan adalah pegawai pada Biro Umum Setda Provinsi Sulawesi Utara yang berjumlah 60 orang pegawai. Hasil penelitian menunjukan secara simultan stres kerja dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Prestasi Kerja Pegawai pada Biro Umum Setda Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Variabel yang signifikan berpengaruh adalah lingkungan kerja dengan nilai t yang paling besar. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Biro Umum dan Setda Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, sebaiknya memperhatikan lingkungan kerja bagi para pegawai, mengingat hasil penelitian menunjukkan lingkungan kerja memiliki koefisien yang rendah pada persepsi dari para pegawai karena semakin baik lingkungan kerja bagi para pegawai, maka prestasi kerja mereka akan semakin meningkat. Kata kunci : stres kerja, lingkungan kerja, prestasi pegawa