Mechanical injuries and the effects on the quality of golden papaya fruits

O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as injúrias mecânicas que ocorrem em mamões 'Golden' e avaliar seus efeitos na qualidade dos frutos armazenados a 22ºC e 85% UR durante 10 dias. As injúrias identificadas como abrasão, corte e amassado foram reproduzidas nos frutos. As abrasões foram provocadas com lixa grão 200, numa área de 6cm². Os cortes foram realizados com incisões de 30 mm de comprimento e 5 mm de profundidade. O amassado foi provocado pelo impacto dos frutos, que foram deixados cair de uma altura de 2 m. Cada fruto recebeu 2 injúrias em lados opostos, na região de maior diâmetro. Mamões intactos foram utilizados como controle. A região danificada pela abrasão não desenvolveu cor amarelo-alaranjada; ocorreu escurecimento da casca, comprovado pelos menores valores de luminosidade e cromaticidade. Abrasão e impacto levaram a maior redução da firmeza da polpa e perda de massa. Imagens de ressonância magnética revelaram que frutos danificados pelas injúrias perderam sua integridade, o que foi identificado por áreas claras devido à presença de água livre. A qualidade de mamões 'Golden' é prejudicada por injúrias mecânicas, principalmente pelo impacto pela abrasão.This work aimed to identify the mechanical injuries that occur in 'Golden' papaya fruits, and to evaluate the injuries effects on the quality of the fruits at early ripening stage and storage at 22ºC and 85% RH for 10 days. The mechanical injuries identified were abrasion, cuts and bruises. Abrasion was caused by 200 mesh sandpaper in a 6 cm² of peel surface area. Cut injury was obtained by cutting fruits at 30mm length and 5mm depth. Bruises were produced in the papayas by impact, which were dropped from 2 m height onto a hard surface. Each fruit were injured twice in the opposite sides at the widest diameter region. Intact fruits were considered as control. Injured areas by abrasion did not develop the typical yellow color. The luminosity and chroma values were lower in injured areas. Abrasion and impact injuries were responsible for flesh firmness decrease and higher water loss. Magnetic resonance images showed that injured papaya fruits lost their integrity. In the injured areas were visualized clear region due to free water content. The quality of 'Golden' papaya fruits is affect by mechanical injuries, mainly due to the impact and the abrasion injuries.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Microstructure and thermal and functional properties of biodegradable films produced using zein

<div><p>Abstract Research is being conducted in an attempt to produce biodegradable packaging to replace plastic products, thereby reducing solid waste disposal. In this work, zein films were produced from vegetable oils (macadamia, olive and buriti) and from pure oleic acid. The surface of zein-based films made using oleic acid has a good lipid distribution. The high content of oleic acid produced a film with the greatest elongation at break (8.08 ± 2.71%) due to the greater homogeneity of the protein matrix. The different oils did not affect the glass transition temperature (Tg). Tg curves of films with fatty acids showed a reduction in mass at between 50 and 120 °C due to water evaporation. At 120 °C the weight loss was 3-5% and above this temperature further weight loss was observed with the highest loss being seen in the film made using pure oleic acid. In conclusion, although biodegradable films were produced using the four different oils, the film made from pure oleic acid has the best characteristics.</p></div

Injúrias mecânicas e seus efeitos na qualidade de mamões golden Mechanical injuries and the effects on the quality of golden papaya fruits

O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as injúrias mecânicas que ocorrem em mamões 'Golden' e avaliar seus efeitos na qualidade dos frutos armazenados a 22ºC e 85% UR durante 10 dias. As injúrias identificadas como abrasão, corte e amassado foram reproduzidas nos frutos. As abrasões foram provocadas com lixa grão 200, numa área de 6cm². Os cortes foram realizados com incisões de 30 mm de comprimento e 5 mm de profundidade. O amassado foi provocado pelo impacto dos frutos, que foram deixados cair de uma altura de 2 m. Cada fruto recebeu 2 injúrias em lados opostos, na região de maior diâmetro. Mamões intactos foram utilizados como controle. A região danificada pela abrasão não desenvolveu cor amarelo-alaranjada; ocorreu escurecimento da casca, comprovado pelos menores valores de luminosidade e cromaticidade. Abrasão e impacto levaram a maior redução da firmeza da polpa e perda de massa. Imagens de ressonância magnética revelaram que frutos danificados pelas injúrias perderam sua integridade, o que foi identificado por áreas claras devido à presença de água livre. A qualidade de mamões 'Golden' é prejudicada por injúrias mecânicas, principalmente pelo impacto pela abrasão.<br>This work aimed to identify the mechanical injuries that occur in 'Golden' papaya fruits, and to evaluate the injuries effects on the quality of the fruits at early ripening stage and storage at 22ºC and 85% RH for 10 days. The mechanical injuries identified were abrasion, cuts and bruises. Abrasion was caused by 200 mesh sandpaper in a 6 cm² of peel surface area. Cut injury was obtained by cutting fruits at 30mm length and 5mm depth. Bruises were produced in the papayas by impact, which were dropped from 2 m height onto a hard surface. Each fruit were injured twice in the opposite sides at the widest diameter region. Intact fruits were considered as control. Injured areas by abrasion did not develop the typical yellow color. The luminosity and chroma values were lower in injured areas. Abrasion and impact injuries were responsible for flesh firmness decrease and higher water loss. Magnetic resonance images showed that injured papaya fruits lost their integrity. In the injured areas were visualized clear region due to free water content. The quality of 'Golden' papaya fruits is affect by mechanical injuries, mainly due to the impact and the abrasion injuries

Simple, Low-Cost and Long-Lasting Film for Virus Inactivation Using Avian Coronavirus Model as Challenge

The COVID-19 infection, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is inequitably distributed and more lethal among populations with lower socioeconomic status. Direct contact with contaminated surfaces has been among the virus sources, as it remains infective up to days. Several disinfectants have been shown to inactivate SARS-CoV-2, but they rapidly evaporate, are flammable or toxic and may be scarce or inexistent for vulnerable populations. Therefore, we are proposing simple, easy to prepare, low-cost and efficient antiviral films, made with a widely available dishwashing detergent, which can be spread on hands and inanimate surfaces and is expected to maintain virucidal activity for longer periods than the current sanitizers. Avian coronavirus (ACoV) was used as model of the challenge to test the antivirus efficacy of the proposed films. Polystyrene petri dishes were covered with a thin layer of detergent formula. After drying, the films were exposed to different virus doses for 10 min and virus infectivity was determined using embryonated chicken eggs, and RNA virus quantification in allantoic fluids by RT-qPCR. The films inactivated the ACoV (ranging from 103.7 to 106.7 EID50), which is chemically and morphologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, and may constitute an excellent alternative to minimize the spread of COVID-19