Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138963/1/12987_2017_Article_71.pd

Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil

This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of canine lymphomas diagnosed in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Thirty dogs were enrolled in the study; most of them were male (60%), mixed-breed (23%) and middle-aged or older. The majority (87%) of affected dogs showed the multicentric form. The B-cell phenotype was most frequently detected (62%); 37% of the animals were in clinical stage IV, and 83% were classified as sub-stage "b". Lymphadenopathy was observed in 67% of the cases, and dyspnea, prostration, decreased appetite and vomiting were the most common clinical signs encountered. Anemia was a frequently encountered laboratory alteration (57%), as were leukocytosis (40%), thrombocytopenia (33%), lymphopenia (30%), hyperglobulinemia (20%) and hypercalcemia (13%). The results of this study indicate that the clinical features of dogs with lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre are similar to those observed worldwide

Punção aspirativa por agulha fina como método de coleta de material para a histopatologia no osteossarcoma canino

Para a obtenção do diagnóstico definitivo do osteossarcoma realizam-se exames citopatológico e histopatológico. O material para exame citopatológico é coletado através de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF), já para a realização do exame histopatológico é necessário uma amostra de tamanho maior, geralmente conseguida através de biópsia incisional. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma técnica de coleta de material em cães com suspeita de osteossarcoma através de PAAF para a realização de exame histopatológico. Foram coletadas duas amostras de 12 cães suspeitos de osteossarcoma por PAAF. O material obtido pela primeira coleta foi utilizado para confirmar o diagnóstico através do exame citopatológico, enquanto que o material oriundo da segunda coleta foi fixado em formol a 10% para a análise histopatológica. Quatro das 12 amostras (33,3%) avaliadas histopatologicamente pela metodologia proposta obtiveram também o diagnóstico de osteossarcoma. Esses resultados apontam para uma possível adequação da técnica de coleta de material por PAAF para exame histopatológico.<br>Cytopathologic and histopathologic tests are important to obtain a definitive diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The sample for cytopathological exam is collected through fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA). On the other hand, histopathological exams need a larger sample that is usually obtained by incisional biopsy. The objective of this article is to develop a FNA technique to biopsy and evaluate histopatologically samples of dogs with suspected osteosarcoma. Two FNS samples were collected from 12 such dogs. Samples obtained in the first procedure were examined cytologically. The material sampled at the second biopsy was fixed in 10% formalin and submitted to histopathological analysis. Four out of the 12 samples (33.3%) examined by the herein proposed method were diagnosed as osteosarcoma. These results indicate a possible adaptation of FNA for histopathological examination