Morphology, function and evolution of male genitalia (hemispermatophores and spermatophores) in the Superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille, 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones)

Insemination in scorpions occurs via the use of a sclerotized structure, deposited on the substate by the male, called spermatophore. It is composed of two halves that are mirror images of each other, the hemispermatophores. Spermatophores and hemispermatophores come in a great variety of shapes and structures and provide informative, reliable characters for systematics, at diverse taxonomic levels. However, because they are not easily obtained and because most previous authors did not compare them across the different families, there are thus far no satisfying hypothesis of homology and therefore no consensus nomenclature for those structures in the order Scorpiones. In this study, I propose to review the extant literature on scorpions spermatophores and hemispermatophores. I also illustrate a wide array of scorpion taxa for those structures, with emphasis on the superfamily Scorpionoidea, in which they happen to be the more complex. I subsequently explore structural homologies amongst the order and propose a revised nomenclature for scorpions spermatophores and hemispermatophores. Additionally, I propose a maximum parsimony reconstruction of their evolution by mapping characters on the extant phylogeny, which allowed me to retrieve synapomorphies for taxa of different phylogenetic levels. Finally, because matings had to be processed to collect spermatophores, courtship behaviours are described for the first time in Pandinus cavimanus and Heterometrus mysorensis (Scorpionidae)

L'Auto-vélo : automobilisme, cyclisme, athlétisme, yachting, aérostation, escrime, hippisme / dir. Henri Desgranges

08 août 19011901/08/08 (A2,N298)

Additional file 9: of The male sexual apparatus in the order Scorpiones (Arachnida): a comparative study of functional morphology as a tool to define hypotheses of homology

Appendix 8: Hemispermatophores of extant scorpion families: Matrix of characters pertaining to the structural pattern of the hemispermatophore capsule. (XLSX 1392ย�kb