Performance and carcass evaluation of swine fed finishing ration with phytase associated with the withdrawal of micromineral-vitamin supplement and the reduction of inorganic phosphorus

v. 11, n. 4, p. 775-783, out./dez. 2010.Submitted by Marlene Santos ([email protected]) on 2013-06-13T19:06:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 8351.pdf: 439678 bytes, checksum: 37a1c0e2e49709e6e971a3e6d65ec58f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Moura ([email protected]) on 2013-06-22T19:51:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 8351.pdf: 439678 bytes, checksum: 37a1c0e2e49709e6e971a3e6d65ec58f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-22T19:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8351.pdf: 439678 bytes, checksum: 37a1c0e2e49709e6e971a3e6d65ec58f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12CAPES/ CNPq; Programa de Apoio às Publicações Periódicas Científicas (PROAPUPEC) da UFGDesenvolveu-se o estudo para avaliar a utilização da enzima fitase em rações de suínos na fase de terminação, sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico e níveis reduzidos de fósforo inorgânico no desempenho, características da carcaça, percentagem de cinzas e de minerais nos ossos, além da viabilidade econômica. Utilizaram-se 24 fêmeas suínas, híbridas com peso médio inicial de 66 ± 1,4 kg e peso final médio de 106 ± 1,8 kg. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 –ração basal, T2 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico, T3 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico com fitase, T4 –ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico e sem 1/3 de fósforo inorgânico com fitase, T5 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico, sem 2/3 do fósforo inorgânico com fitase, T6 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico, sem fósforo inorgânico e com fitase. A retirada do suplemento micromineral-vitamínico, a redução dos níveis de fósforo inorgânico e a adição de fitase não influenciaram (P>0,05) as características de carcaça, mas reduziram (P<0,05) o consumo e o ganho de peso com pior conversão alimentar. Da mesma forma, a redução de fósforo e a adição de fitase, nas condições deste experimento, não apresentaram viabilidade econômica comparado às rações basais. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of phytase enzyme in rations for swine at the finishing phase without the use of mineral-vitamin supplement and with reduced levels of inorganic phosphorus on performance and carcass characteristics, ashes and mineral percentage in the bones and economic viability. Twenty-four hybrid females with starter weight of 66 ± 1.4 kg and final weight of 106 ± 1.8 kg were housed for 38 days in 24 stalls and allotted in a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and four replications of two animals each. The following treatments were used: T1 –basal feed; T2 – basal feed without micromineral-vitamin supplement; T3 – basal feed with phytase and without micromineral-vitamin supplement; T4 – basal feed with phytase, without micromineral-vitamin supplement and without 1/3 of inorganic phosphorus; T5 – basal feed with phytase, without micromineral-vitamin supplement ans without 2/3 of inorganic phosphorus; and T6 – basal feed with phytase, without micromineral vitamin supplement and without inorganic phosphorus supplementation. The withdrawal of the micromineralvitamin supplemet, the reduction of inorganic phosphorus level and the addition of phytase enzyme did not affect (P>0.05) the carcass characteristics, but they reduced (P<0.05) feed intake and weight gain, and showed worse feed conversion. Likewise, reduction of inorganic phosphorus levels and phytase addition did not improve economic efficiency when compared to basal feed

DESEMPENHO E AVALIAÇÃO DA CARCAÇA EM SUÍNOS ALIMENTADOS COM RAÇÕES DE TERMINAÇÃO COM FITASE ASSOCIADA À RETIRADA DE MICROMINERAIS, VITAMINAS E FÓSFORO INORGÂNICO

The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of phytase enzyme in rations for swine at the finishing phase without the use of mineral-vitamin supplement and with reduced levels of inorganic phosphorus on performance and carcass characteristics, ashes and mineral percentage in the bones and economic viability. Twenty-four hybrid females with starter weight of 66 ± 1.4 kg and final weight of 106 ± 1.8 kg were housed for 38 days in 24 stalls and allotted in a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and four replications of two animals each. The following treatments were used: T1 –basalfeed; T2 – basal feed without micromineral-vitamin supplement; T3 – basal feed with phytase and without micromineral-vitamin supplement; T4 – basalfeed with phytase, without micromineral-vitamin supplement and without 1/3 of inorganic phosphorus; T5 – basal feed with phytase, without micromineral-vitamin supplement ans without 2/3 of inorganic phosphorus; and T6 – basal feed with phytase, without micromineral vitamin supplement and without inorganic phosphorus supplementation. The withdrawal of the micromineral-vitamin supplemet, the reduction of inorganic phosphorus level and the addition of phytase enzyme did not affect (P>0.05) the carcass characteristics, but they reduced (P<0.05) feed intake and weight gain, and showed worse feed conversion. Likewise, reduction of inorganic phosphorus levels and phytase addition did not improve economic efficiency when compared to basal feed

Substitution of blood plasma with soy protein concentrate in piglet diet

In this study, we evaluated the effects of substitution of partial and total spray-dried blood plasma (BP) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in the diet of post-weaning piglets on their performance, intestinal histomorphometry, and blood parameters. Fifty-four castrated male piglets, weaned at an average age of 21 days and an initial average weight of 7.01±0.294 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three diets (0%SPC-5%BP, 2.5%SPC-2.5%BP, and 5%SPC-0%BP), six replicates, and three piglets per experimental unit. The experimental feeds were formulated to meet the requirements of the piglets at 21-32 and 33-42 days of age (pre-starter diet) and 43-66 days of age (starter diet). From 21 to 32 and 21 to 42 days of age, daily feed intake, daily weight gain, and final weight of the animals were higher in the group fed 2.5%SPC-2.5%BP and 0%SPC-5%BP. From 21 to 66 days of age, daily weight gain and daily feed intake were higher in the animals fed 2.5%SPC-2.5%BP. No effect was observed on the histomorphometry variables. The total leukocyte count was higher in animals fed 2.5%SPC-2.5%BP and 5%SPC-0%BP and the lymphocyte count was lower in the piglets that received 0%SPC-5%BP. The combined use of soy protein concentrate and spray-dried blood plasma in the feeds of piglets between 21 and 42 days of age improves their productive performance

Dry and wet diets with and without phytase for growing and finishing pigs

The present study assessed the effect of adding water and phytase to middling diets on digestibility, metabolism, performance, carcass characteristics, and the bone mineralization of growing and finishing pigs. For the digestibility trial, 16 pigs were distributed in randomized blocks, placed in digestibility cages following a 2 x 2 factorial design (dry and wet diets, with and without phytase). For the performance trial, 48 piglets were distributed into a complete randomized design. During the growing period, wet diets presented higher values for digestibility and energy metabolism. In the finishing stage, the addition of water to the feed caused a greater weight gain and interfered with the carcass length. The balance of the mineral matter and the availability of calcium and phosphorus were influenced by the diets with phytase. The addition of water to the diets in the growing phase improved the digestibility and energy metabolism, and increased the weight gain, carcass length and calcium content in bones during the finishing period. The supplementation of phytase improved energy metabolism and the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, and the balance of mineral matter.

Redução do fósforo disponível na dieta de leitões desmamados utilizando fitase associada aos ácidos butírico e benzoico

This study aimed to evaluate the reduction of available phosphorus (Pa) in the diet of weaned piglets using phytase combined with butyric and benzoic acids. A total of 120 piglets with initial weight of 6.7 ± 0.02 kg were used in a randomized block design with six treatments: control; reduction of 0.15% Pa (Pa red); Phytase + Pa red; Phytase + butyric acid + Pa red; Phytase + benzoic acid + Pa red; Phytase + butyric acid + benzoic acid + Pa red; five replicates, with four animals each. The experimental diets had no influence on the fecal scores, Escherichia coli count, or the pH of the digestive tract. An improved villus:crypt ratio was found when the combination of phytase with butyric and benzoic acids was used. The histomorphometry of the jejunum and of the ileum showed no differences with respect to villus height, crypt depth, and villus:crypt ratio. The bones of the piglets fed with a diet containing reduced levels of available phosphorus showed less resistance to fracture. The levels of calcium in the raw bones were lower in the piglets that received a diet containing phytase and butyric acid. Reduced phosphorus deposition was observed in the bones of animals that received the diet containing phytase, butyric acid, and benzoic acid. It is concluded that the inclusion of phytase and butyric and benzoic acids, and their combination, in the diet of weaned piglets does not affect the pH of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon, and does not change the frequency of diarrhea or the E. Coli count. The association of butyric and benzoic acids with phytase in the diet of piglets after weaning improves the villus:crypt ratio of the duodenum. The use of phytase (1000 UF/kg) allows the formulation of diets for weaned piglets with a 0.15% reduction in the level of available phosphorus without damaging the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in the bones and without altering bone resistance.Realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar a redução do nível de fósforo disponível (Pd) na dieta de leitões desmamados utilizando fitase associada aos ácidos butírico e benzóico. Foram utilizados 120 leitões, com peso inicial de 6,7±0,02kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos: controle; redução de 0,15% de Pd (Pd red); Fitase + Pd red; Fitase + ácido butírico + Pd red; Fitase + ácido benzóico + Pd red; Fitase + ácido butírico + ácido benzóico + Pd red; cinco repetições, com quatro animais cada. As dietas experimentais não influenciaram os escores fecais, a contagem de E. coli e o pH do trato digestivo. Verificou-se melhor relação vilo:cripta com a associação da fitase, com os ácidos butírico e benzóico. A histomorfometria do jejuno e do íleo não apresentaram diferenças para altura de vilosidades, profundidade de cripta e a relação vilo:cripta. Os ossos correspondentes aos leitões alimentados com a dieta com redução do nível de fósforo disponível apresentaram menor resistência à quebra. Os níveis de cálcio nos ossos crus foram menores para os leitões que receberam dieta com fitase e ácido butírico. Houve redução da deposição de fósforo nos ossos dos animais que receberam dieta com fitase, ácido butírico e ácido benzóico. Conclui-se que a inclusão de fitase e dos ácidos butírico, benzóico e sua associação na dieta de leitões desmamados não afeta o pH do estômago, duodeno, jejuno, íleo, ceco e cólon, não altera a frequência de diarreia e a contagem de E. coli. A associação dos ácidos butírico e benzóico com fitase na dieta dos leitões após a desmama melhora a relação vilo:cripta do duodeno. A utilização de fitase (1.000UF/kg) possibilita a formulação de dietas para leitões desmamados com redução de 0,15% do nível de fósforo disponível sem prejudicar a concentração de cálcio e fósforo nos ossos e sem alterar a resistência óssea

Substitution of blood plasma with soy protein concentrate in piglet diet

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the effects of substitution of partial and total spray-dried blood plasma (BP) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in the diet of post-weaning piglets on their performance, intestinal histomorphometry, and blood parameters. Fifty-four castrated male piglets, weaned at an average age of 21 days and an initial average weight of 7.01±0.294 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three diets (0%SPC-5%BP, 2.5%SPC-2.5%BP, and 5%SPC-0%BP), six replicates, and three piglets per experimental unit. The experimental feeds were formulated to meet the requirements of the piglets at 21-32 and 33-42 days of age (pre-starter diet) and 43-66 days of age (starter diet). From 21 to 32 and 21 to 42 days of age, daily feed intake, daily weight gain, and final weight of the animals were higher in the group fed 2.5%SPC-2.5%BP and 0%SPC-5%BP. From 21 to 66 days of age, daily weight gain and daily feed intake were higher in the animals fed 2.5%SPC-2.5%BP. No effect was observed on the histomorphometry variables. The total leukocyte count was higher in animals fed 2.5%SPC-2.5%BP and 5%SPC-0%BP and the lymphocyte count was lower in the piglets that received 0%SPC-5%BP. The combined use of soy protein concentrate and spray-dried blood plasma in the feeds of piglets between 21 and 42 days of age improves their productive performance

MICROMINERAL-VITAMIN SUPPLEMENT, INGARNIC PHOSPHORUS REDUCTION AND PHYTASE ADDITION IN FINISHING RATIONS FOR SWINE RETIRADA DO SUPLEMENTO MICROMINERAL-VITAMÍNICO, REDUÇÃO DE FÓSFORO INORGÂNICO E ADIÇÃO DE FITASE EM RAÇÕES DE SUÍNOS NA FASE DE TERMINAÇÃO

&lt;span&gt;The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of mineral-vitamin supplement withdrawal associated to inorganic phosphorus and phytase addition on swine performance and carcass characteristics in finishing phase. &lt;span&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;48 hybrid swine females with initial average weight of 66,34 kg and final average weight of 106,14 kg were housed in 24 stalls for 38 days and allotted to a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments (T1 – basal feed; T2 – basal feed without mineral vitamin supplement; T3 – basal feed without mineral vitamin supplement with phytase; T4 – basal feed without mineral vitamin supplement less1/3 of inorganic phosphorus with phytase; T5 - basal feed without mineral vitamin supplement less 2/3 of inorganic phosphorus with phytase and T6 – basal feed without mineral vitamin supplement and inorganic phosphorus with phytase) with four replications of two animals each. Daily weight gain, total average weight gain and feed:gain ratio were determined and carcass characteristics were evaluated: loin eye area, backfat depth, carcass length, carcass weight and carcass yield. Although reduction in inorganic phosphorus levels or phytase addition had no influence in carcass characteristics (P&gt;0,05), there was significant effect in performance (P&lt;0,05), resulting in less average feed intake, weight gain and feed:gain ratio. Likewise, reduction in inorganic phosphorus levels or phytase addition under the conditions of this trial did not improve economic efficiency when compared to basal feed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;KEY WORDS: Finishing phase pig, phosphorus, phytase.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;Para avaliar o efeito da retirada do suplemento micromineral-vitamínico associada à redução dos níveis de fósforo inorgânico e adição de fitase em rações, sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos na fase de terminação, realizou-se um experimento na Escola de Veterinária da UFG. Utilizaram-se 48 fêmeas suínas, híbridas, com peso médio inicial de 66,14 kg e peso final médio de 106,14 kg, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo dois animais por cada unidade experimental. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 – ração basal, T2 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico, T3 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico com fitase, T4 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico e sem 1/3 de fósforo inorgânico com fitase, T5 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico sem 2/3 do fósforo inorgânico com fitase, T6 – ração basal sem suplemento micromineral-vitamínico, sem fósforo inorgânico e com fitase. A retirada do suplemento micromineral-vitamínico, bem como a redução dos níveis de fósforo inorgânico e a adição de fitase não influenciaram (P&gt;0,05) nas características de carcaça, mas acarretaram efeito significativo (P&lt;0,05) no desempenho, resultando em menor consumo e ganho de peso, além de pior conversão alimentar. Da mesma forma, a redução de fósforo e a adição de fitase, nas condições deste experimento, não apresentaram viabilidade econômica em comparação com as rações basais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Fitase, fósforo, suínos, terminação.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt

IRON AND HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PIGS FED PHYTASE-ADDED RATIONS WITH LOWER PHOSPHORUS LEVELS FERRO E IMUNIDADE HUMORAL EM SUÍNOS ALIMENTADOS COM FITASE E NÍVEIS REDUZIDOS DE FÓSFORO

&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Endogenous enzymes such as phytase have been widely used in swine production to increase phosphorus, amino acid and energy availability from feeds. This study aimed to evaluate the immune system through quantification of blood components associated to iron metabolism and determine humoral immune response elements in pigs fed phytase-added diets without micro minerals and vitamins and partial or total deletion of inorganic phosphorus. Forty-eight crossbred females with initial weight of 60 kg were randomly sorted into six groups of eight animals each, as follows: G1 -standard (complete) ration (control group); G2 - standard ration except that micromineral and vitamin supplement was deleted; G3 - group 2 ration with phytase, G4 - group 2 ration less 1/3 of inorganic P with phytase, G5 -&lt;span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;group 2 ration less 2/3 of inorganic P with phytase and G6 - group 2 ration without inorganic P with phytase. Statistical difference (p&gt;0,05) was not recorded neither in white cells and platelet counts nor hemoglobin, serum iron levels, considering all the animals in all treatments. Nevertheless, pigs up to 100 kg that consumed diet without micro minerals and vitamins, total deletion of inorganic P and phytase addition presented increased ferritin levels (p&gt;0,05) when compared to animals fed similar diet with inorganic phosphorus and phytase. The enzyme guaranteed maintenance of iron stocks even in the absence of supplementation. Such difference was not recorded with 120-kg animals fed similar rations. Average total protein, IgG and IgM levels were not influenced by phytase, mineral and vitamin supplementation or inorganic phosphorus levels. The results demonstrate that decrease of inorganic phos-phorus, withdrawal of vitamin and mineral supplements and phytase addition in diets of finishing pigs do not lead to significant changes in hematological, biochemical and humoral immune response parameters.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Key-words:&lt;span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Immune system seric ferritin,&lt;span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;IgG, IgM, white cells count.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;A utilização de enzimas exógenas, como a fitase, permite um melhor aproveitamento de nutrientes, incrementando a utilização do fósforo, dos aminoácidos e da energia. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com objetivo de: 1 - avaliar o sistema imune por meio da quantificação de componentes sangüíneos relacionados ao metabolismo do ferro e 2 - determinar elementos da resposta imunológica humoral, em suínos recebendo dietas contendo fitase, níveis reduzidos de fósforo inorgânico (Pi) e sem suplemento micromineral e vitamínico. Utilizaram-se 48 fêmeas suínas de linhagem comercial, com peso inicial de 60kg, distribuídas em seis tratamentos com oito animais em cada grupo. A colheita de sangue foi feita em um grupo de 24 animais com 100 kg e outro grupo de 24 animais com 120 kg. Tratamentos: 1. ração basal (grupo-controle); 2. ração 1, sem suplemento micromineral/vitamínico; 3. ração 2, com fitase; 4. ração 2, sem 1/3 de fósforo inorgânico (Pi) e com fitase; 5. ração 2, sem 2/3 de Pi e com fitase, 6. ração 2, sem Pi e com fitase. Não se observaram diferenças (p&gt;0,05) nos valores obtidos do leucograma e contagem de plaquetas para os animais nos diferentes tratamentos testados. Em relação à hemoglobina e ferro sérico também não foram observadas diferenças (p&gt;0,05) nos valores obtidos para os animais nos diferentes tratamentos testados. Com relação à ferritina, verificou-se que os animais até os 100 kg de peso vivo que receberam ração sem suplemento micromineral/vitamínico, sem fósforo inorgânico e com fitase apresentaram valores superiores (p&lt;0,05) quando comparados aos alimentados com ração sem suplemento micromineral/vitamínico, com fósforo inorgânico contendo fitase. A enzima, mesmo na ausência de suplementação, garantiu a manutenção de estoques de ferro do organismo. Não se detectou essa diferença para os animais que foram alimentados com as mesmas rações até os 120 kg de peso vivo. Os valores médios obtidos para proteínas totais e frações, IgG e IgM de suínos em fase de termina-ção alimentados com as dietas experimentais não sofreram influência pela presença ou ausência da fitase, suplemento micromineral/vitamínico e níveis de fósforo inorgânico. Os resultados encontrados neste experimento mostram que a redução do fósforo inorgânico, assim como a retirada do suplemento vitamínico e mineral, além da adição da fitase, em dietas para suínos em terminação, não desencadeiam alterações significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e de imunidade humoral.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Palavras-chaves: Ferritina sérica, IgG, IgM, leucograma, sistema imune.&lt;/p&gt