Psico11.pmd

Abstract The objective of the article was to estimate the internal consistency and factor structure of the Adherence Scale for Alcoholics Anonymous Groups. The scale was applied to 257 alcoholic patients who had been admitted for treatment in 3 hospitals in Porto Alegre, about 6 months earlier. The scale was produced based on an adaptation of the Drug Attitude Inventory Scale. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach alpha. Data were subjected to a principal component analysis. The coefficient of internal consistency was 0.71. All items showed corrected item-total correlation coefficients above 0.29. Questionnaire items with factor loading of 0.57 or above were considered in the final factor solution. The factor analysis resulted in 2 dimensions which corresponded to 67.01% of the total variance. This scale appears to be a valid instrument for use in a population of alcoholic patients. Uniterms: Alcoholism. Alcoholics anonymous. Internal consistency. Factor analysis. Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi estimar a consistência interna e a estrutura fatorial da Escala de Adesão a Grupos de Alcoólico

Do alcoholics anonymous groups really work? Factors of adherence in a Brazilian sample of hospitalized alcohol dependents

This study was designed to determine factors affecting adherence to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) groups. This cohort involved 300 alcoholics committed to three hospitals in Porto Alegre, Brazil. They were interviewed again in their homes after six months. the SCID-I and a questionnaire focusing on patient relationship with AA groups were used. the responses obtained through the questionnaire were independently evaluated by two researchers. AA adherence was below 20%. the main factors reported by patients as reasons for non-adherence to AA were relapse, lack of identification with the method, lack of need, and lack of credibility. the factors reported by patients as reasons for adherence were identification with the method and a way to avoid relapse. Although AA is considered an effective intervention for alcoholism, its adherence rate was excessively low. the identification of these nonadherence factors could help health professionals in referring certain alcoholic patients to therapeutic interventions other than AA.Fundacao Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto Alegre, Dept Psychiat & Forens Med, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilFundacao Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto Alegre, Div Basic & Clin Pharmacol, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilFundacao Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto Alegre, Dept Prevent Med, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Psychiat, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Does co-occurring social phobia interfere with alcoholism treatment adherence and relapse?

This study investigates the impact of social phobia on adherence to and outcomes 6 months following standard alcohol treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) group meetings among alcohol-dependent patients with and without social phobia. in a cohort study, 300 detoxified alcohol-dependent individuals in Porto Alegre, Brazil, were interviewed during, as well as 3 and 6 months after hospital detoxification. At both follow-up points, treatment adherence was low and relapse rates were high among patients with and without social phobia, and no significant differences were seen between the two groups of patients in relapse, adherence to AA, or adherence to psychotherapy. Findings from this sample suggest that although alcohol-dependent patients with social phobia showed a tendency for less adherence at AA and felt less integrated with their AA group, social phobia comorbidity was not a significant risk factor for alcohol use relapse or for nonadherence to AA or psychotherapy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fdn Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto, Dept Psychiat & Forens Med, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilFdn Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto, Dept Basic & Clin Pharmacol, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilFdn Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto, Dept Prevent Med, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Psychiat, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, RS, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Predictors of relapse in 300 Brazilian alcoholic patients: A 6-month follow-up study

Three hundred alcoholic patients were interviewed at hospitalization and again 3 and 6 months thereafter in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from March 2002 to January 2004. Assessment included the SCID-I to check for the presence of Axis I mental disorders, a questionnaire focusing on patient relationship with AA groups, and specific questions about participation in psychotherapy. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictive variables for relapse or abstinence 6 months after discharge. Previous treatment for alcohol dependence (OR = 3.65; CI: 1.77-7.05) and being single (OR = 2.39; CI: 1.06-5.42) proved to be associated with relapse, whereas adherence to AA (OR = 0.31; CI: 0.15-0.66), presence of a comorbid depressive disorder (OR = 0.46; CI: 0.23-0.92), and probably adherence to psychotherapy (OR = 0.52; CI: 0.26-1.04) could be associated with abstinence. These findings reinforce the importance of psychotherapy and AA groups for alcoholics to remain abstinent for longer. the greater adherence to treatment observed among depressive alcohol dependents can be explained by the fact that this is a comorbid condition that acts as a protective factor against relapse.Fdn Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto Alegre, Dept Psychiat & Forens Med, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilFdn Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto Alegre, Div Basic & Clin Pharmacol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilFdn Fac Fed Ciencias Med Porto Alegre, Dept Prevent Med, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Psychiat, BR-21941 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Fobia social e transtorno de pânico: relação temporal com dependência de substâncias psicoativas Fobia Social y trastorno de pánico: relación temporaria con dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas Social phobia and panic disorder: temporal relation with psychoactive substance dependence

INTRODUÇÃO: O estudo tem por objetivo: 1) determinar a prevalência de transtorno do pânico e de fobia social em pacientes hospitalizados devido ao transtorno do uso de substâncias psicoativas; 2) determinar o relacionamento temporal entre o início desses transtornos de ansiedade e o começo do uso de substâncias psicoativas. MÉTODO: Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos foram obtidos através de entrevista clínica semi-estruturada (SCID-I), baseada nos critérios do DSM-IV. Um questionário foi desenvolvido pelos autores, visando a estudar o relacionamento temporal entre o início do transtorno do uso de substâncias e o princípio do transtorno do pânico e da fobia social. RESULTADOS: Apenas 1 (2 %) paciente apresentou transtorno de pânico antecedendo o uso de substâncias psicoativas. A maioria dos pacientes com ataques de pânico preenchiam critérios para o diagnóstico de transtorno de ansiedade induzido pelo uso de substâncias: 11 (22.9 %) dos pacientes tiveram ataques de pânico apenas durante a intoxicação ou na síndrome de abstinência, ou seja, secundariamente ao uso de drogas. Quanto à fobia social, 16 (33.3 %) pacientes apresentavam este transtorno, sendo que, em todos, a fobia social iniciou antes de começar o uso de substâncias psicoativas. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados confirmam a elevada freqüência de fobia social em pacientes dependentes de substâncias psicoativas e reforçam a hipótese da auto-medicação nesta comorbidade, uma vez que esta fobia tende a preceder o uso de drogas. Quanto ao transtorno de pânico, na nossa amostra, este parece derivar de uma complicação do uso de substâncias psicoativas.<br>INTRODUCCIÓN: el estudio tiene por objetivo: 1) determinar la predominancia del trastorno de pánico y de fobia social en pacientes hospitalizados debido al trastorno del uso de sustancias psicoactivas; 2) determinar el relacionamiento temporáneo entre el inicio de esos trastornos de ansiedad y el comienzo del uso de sustancias psicoactivas. MÉTODO: los diagnósticos psiquiátricos fueron obtenidos a través de entrevista clínica semi-estructurada (SCID-I), basada en los criterios do DSM-IV. Un cuestionario fue desenvuelto por los autores, visando estudiar el relacionamiento temporáneo entre el inicio del trastorno del uso de sustancias, y el principio de trastorno de pánico y de la fobia social. RESULTADOS: apenas 1 (2.1 %) paciente presentó trastorno de pánico antes del uso de sustancias psicoactivas. La mayoría de los pacientes con ataques de pánico, cumplían criterios para el diagnóstico de trastorno de ansiedad inducido por el uso de sustancias: 11 (22.9%) de los pacientes tuvieron ataques de pánico apenas durante la intoxicación o en el síndrome de abstinencia, o sea, secundariamente al uso de drogas. Cuanto a la fobia social, 16 (33.3%) pacientes presentaban este trastorno, siendo que, en todos, la fobia social se inició antes de comenzar el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. CONCLUSIONES: lo descubierto confirma la elevada frecuencia de fobia social en pacientes dependientes de sustancias psicoactivas, y refuerza la hipótesis de la auto-medicación en esta comorbidad, una vez que esta fobia tiende a preceder el uso de drogas. Cuanto al trastorno de pánico, en nuestra muestra, este parece derivar de una complicación del uso de sustancias psicoactivas.<br>INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is: 1) to determine the prevalence of panic disorder and social phobia in patients hospitalized due to the use of psychoactive substances; 2) to determine the temporal relation between the beginning of these anxiety disorders and the beginning of the use of psychoactive substances. METHODS: The psychiatric diagnoses were made by means of semi-structured clinical interviews (SCID-I), based on DSM-IV criteria. A questionnaire was developed by the authors for the purpose of studying the temporal relation between the beginning of the disorder due to psychoactive substances and the beginning of panic disorder and social phobia. RESULTS: Only 1 (2 %) patient had panic disorder before using psychoactive substances. Most of the patients suffering from panic disorder fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of anxiety disorder induced by use of the substance: 11 (22.9 %) of them had panic attacks only while under the effect of drugs or during the withdrawal syndrome, i.e., secondarily to the use of drugs. Sixteen (33.3 %) of the patients had social phobia, and in all of them, the social phobia began before the use of psychoactive substances. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed the high frequency of social phobia in psychoactive substance-dependent patients and they reinforce the self-medication hypothesis in this comorbidity, since that kind of phobia tends to precede the use of drugs. As for panic disorder, in our sample it appears to derive from a complication of the use of psychoactive substances

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora