Compliance with handwashing at two intensive care units in São Paulo

Handwashing compliance was compared at two medical- surgical intensive care units (ICUs) of a teaching and a non-teaching hospital. The mean compliance was 22.2% and 42.6%, respectively. Respiratory therapists at the non-teaching hospital had the best handwashing compliance (52.6%). Nursing assistants at the teaching hospital had the worst compliance (11.5%). Nursing assistant was the only health-care worker category with a significant difference between the two ICUs (odds ratio = 6.0; 95% confidence interval = 3.83-9.43; p< 0.001).Federal University of São Paulo Division of Infectious Diseases Healthcare Epidemiology CommitteeFederal University of São Paulo Diadema State Hospital Infection Control CommitteeUNIFESP, Division of Infectious Diseases Healthcare Epidemiology CommitteeUNIFESP, Diadema State Hospital Infection Control CommitteeSciEL

Epidemiologia molecular do gênero arcobacter

Pertencente &agrave; fam&iacute;lia Campylobacteriaceae, os bacilos gram-negativos curvos Arcobacter apresentam quatrosubtipos: A. cryaerophylos, A. butzleri, A. nitrofrigilis e A. skirrowii. Estudos de DNA e rRNA foram usados para evidenciaras diferen&ccedil;as genot&iacute;picas entre estas e as dos g&ecirc;neros Campylobacter e Helicobacter. Tais bact&eacute;rias foram encontradas emcarca&ccedil;as de su&iacute;nos, bovinos e aves, bem como em esgotos, sedimentos de p&acirc;ntanos salgados e humanos com enterites, o quesugere que possam ser pat&oacute;genos humanos transmitidos principalmente atrav&eacute;s de &aacute;gua n&atilde;o tratada e carnes pouco cozidas

Fatores de virulência de Neisseria spp

O g&ecirc;nero Neisseria &eacute; constitu&iacute;do de dez esp&eacute;cies, duas das quais s&atilde;o pat&oacute;genos estritamente humanos, a Neisseriagonorrheae e a Neisseria meningitidis. As neiss&eacute;rias s&atilde;o diplococos Gram-negativas im&oacute;veis, exigente para o crescimentoe capinof&iacute;licas. N. meningitidis apresentam c&aacute;psulas enquanto N. gonorrhoeae n&atilde;o &eacute; capsulado. N. meningitidis apresentacomo fatores antig&ecirc;nicos, polissac&aacute;rides que permitem a divis&atilde;o antig&ecirc;nica em v&aacute;rios subgrupos, prote&iacute;nas de membranaexterna (Omp) e os lipossac&aacute;rides. A bact&eacute;ria tamb&eacute;m possui receptores espec&iacute;fi cos dos pili meningoc&oacute;cicos que favorecema sua coloniza&ccedil;&atilde;o na nasofaringe; e a c&aacute;psula protege da fagocitose mediada por anticorpos. Pode apresentar duas formascl&iacute;nicas: a meningite (que pode ser causada tamb&eacute;m por outros microrganismos) e a meningococcinemia (septicemia com ousem meningite, fatal). N. gonorrhoeae aparesenta como fator de virul&ecirc;ncia: a c&aacute;psula e as prote&iacute;nas pilina, Por, Opa, Prote&iacute;naIII, Tbp1 e Tbp2, Lbp, LOS e &beta;-lactamase. A bact&eacute;ria causa a doen&ccedil;a conhecida como gonorr&eacute;ia, que pode se apresentar comodoen&ccedil;a p&eacute;lvica infl amat&oacute;ria, salpingite em mulheres, epididimite em homens e oftalmia neonatal em crian&ccedil;as. Al&eacute;m disso, abact&eacute;ria pode-se disseminar para outras partes do copo

Case Report Anatomical Variation of the Maxillary Sinus in Cone Beam Computed Tomography

properly cited. Purpose. The aim of this paper is to report a case in which the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was important for the confirmation of the presence of maxillary sinus septum and, therefore, the absence of a suspected pathologic process. Case Description. A 27-year-old male patient was referred for the assessment of a panoramic radiograph displaying a radiolucent area with radiopaque border located in the apical region of the left upper premolars. The provisional diagnosis was either anatomical variation of the maxillary sinuses or a bony lesion. Conclusion. The CBCT was important for an accurate assessment and further confirmation of the presence of maxillary septum, avoiding unnecessary surgical explorations

Heme oxygenase-1 activity is involved in the control of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL/6 and in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catabolizes free heme, which induces an intense inflammatory response. The expression of HO-1 is induced by different stimuli, triggering an anti-inflammatory response during biological stress. It was previously verified that HO-1 is able to induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is induced by IFN-γ in Toxoplasma gondii infection. To verify the role of HO-1 during in vivo T. gondii infection, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with the ME49 strain and treated with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) or hemin, which inhibit or induce HO-1 activity, respectively. The results show that T. gondii infection induced high levels of HO-1 expression in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL6 mice. The animals treated with ZnPPIX presented higher parasitism in the lungs of both lineages of mice, whereas hemin treatment decreased the parasite replication in this organ and in the small intestine of infected C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, C57BL/6 mice infected with T. gondii and treated with hemin showed higher levels of IDO expression in the lungs and small intestine than uninfected mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that HO-1 activity is involved in the control of T. gondii in the lungs of both mouse lineages, whereas the hemin, a HO-1 inducer, seems to be involved in the control of parasitism in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice.This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Vacinas (INCTV)

Gender Differences in COVID-19 Among Liver Transplant Recipients: Results from a Multicenter Brazilian Cohort

Introduction: Existing literature presents varying perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients.However, no research has specifically investigated the role of gender differences in the manifestation of COVID-19 among liver transplant recipients. This study aims to examine the effects of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients, with a focus on gender differences in disease presentation and progression. Methods: Conducted as a multicenter historical cohort study, this research collected patient records through an online questionnaire. Assessing COVID-related mortality was the main objective. Additionally, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data pertaining to disease presentation and progression werecollected. Results: The study included a total of 283 patients, of whom 76 were female and 206 were male. The median follow-up period for males was 99 days (IQR 38-283), while for females, it was 126 days (IQR 44-291). A higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease was observed in males (p=0.002). Females frequently experienced a loss of smell (p=0.021), whereas males commonly exhibited fever (p=0.031). Levels of ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase were significantly elevated in males (p=0.008 and 0.004, respectively). Although there was a trend towards increased mortality in males, it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This study is the first attempt to investigate gender differences in COVID-19 among liver transplant recipients. Our findings highlight the need for a comprehensive and personalised approach to treating this patient population and underscore the importance of further elucidating the disease presentation in these individuals