Correlations between Molecular Alterations, Histopathological Characteristics, and Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a severe malignancy with increasing incidence, poorly understood pathogenesis, and low survival rates. We sequenced 164 EAC samples of naïve patients (without chemo-radiotherapy) with high coverage using next-generation sequencing technologies. A total of 337 variants were identified across the whole cohort, with TP53 as the most frequently altered gene (67.27%). Missense mutations in TP53 correlated with worse cancer-specific survival (log-rank p = 0.001). In seven cases, we found disruptive mutations in HNF1alpha associated with other gene alterations. Moreover, we detected gene fusions through massive parallel sequencing of RNA, indicating that it is not a rare event in EAC. In conclusion, we report that a specific type of TP53 mutation (missense changes) negatively affected cancer-specific survival in EAC. HNF1alpha was identified as a new EAC-mutated gen

Multilinguisme et variétés linguistiques en Europe à l’aune de l’intelligence artificielle Multilinguismo e variazioni linguistiche in Europa nell’era dell’intelligenza artificiale Multilingualism and Language Varieties in Europe in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Il presente volume è il frutto di una riflessione interdisciplinare e multilingue maturata attorno a diversi eventi organizzati nell’ambito del panel concernente i diritti e le variazioni linguistiche in Europa nell’era dell’intelligenza artificiale all’interno del progetto Artificial Intelligence for European Integration, promosso dal Centro studi sull’Europa TO-EU dell’Università di Torino e cofinanziato dalla Commissione europea. L’interrogativo iniziale che abbiamo voluto sollevare è se l’IA potesse avere un impatto negativo sulle varietà linguistiche e sul multilinguismo, valore “aggiunto” dell’UE, o se potesse, e in che modo, divenire utile per la promozione di essi. Il volume, interamente inedito, può dirsi tra i primi ad affrontare, almeno in Europa, questo tipo di tematiche.This book is the outcome of an interdisciplinary multilingual reflection carried out on research into linguistic rights, multilingualism and language varieties in Europe in the age of artificial intelligence. It is part of the Artificial Intelligence for European Integration project, promoted by the Centre of European Studies To-EU of the University of Turin and co-financed by the European Commission. Our aim was to investigate more generally the negative and/or positive outcomes of AI on language varieties and multilingualism, the latter a key value for the EU. The result is a volume of original unpublished research being made generally available for the first time, at least in Europe.Ce livre a été élaboré à partir d’une réflexion interdisciplinaire et multilingue qui a été menée dans le cadre d’une recherche sur les droits, le multilinguisme et les variétés linguistiques en Europe à l’aune de l’intelligence artificielle à l’intérieur du projet Artificial Intelligence for European Integration promu par le Centre d’études européennes To-EU de l’Université de Turin et cofinancé par la Commission de l’Union européenne. Notre propos était de réfléchir plus généralement sur les conséquences négatives et/ou positives de l’IA sur les variétés linguistiques et le multilinguisme, ce dernier étant une valeur de l’UE. Ce que nous proposons par ce numéro est un livre inédit qui peut se vanter d’être parmi les premiers à s’occuper de ce type de thématique, du moins en Europe

Malignancies in Patients with Celiac Disease: Diagnostic Challenges and Molecular Advances

Celiac disease (CD) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder of the chronic intestinal disease group characterized by duodenal inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals, precipitated by gluten ingestion. The pathogenesis of celiac disease is now widely studied, overcoming the limits of the purely autoimmune concept and explaining its hereditability. The genomic profiling of this condition has led to the discovery of numerous genes involved in interleukin signaling and immune-related pathways. The spectrum of disease manifestations is not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, and a significant number of studies have considered the possible association between CD and neoplasms. Patients with CD are found to be at increased risk of developing malignancies, with a particular predisposition of certain types of intestinal cancer, lymphomas, and oropharyngeal cancers. This can be partially explained by common cancer hallmarks present in these patients. The study of gut microbiota, microRNAs, and DNA methylation is evolving to find the any possible missing links between CD and cancer incidence in these patients. However, the literature is extremely mixed and, therefore, our understanding of the biological interplay between CD and cancer remains limited, with significant implications in terms of clinical management and screening protocols. In this review article, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics data on CD and its relation to the most frequent types of neoplasms that may occur in these patients

Malignancies in Patients with Celiac Disease: Diagnostic Challenges and Molecular Advances

Celiac disease (CD) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder of the chronic intestinal disease group characterized by duodenal inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals, precipitated by gluten ingestion. The pathogenesis of celiac disease is now widely studied, overcoming the limits of the purely autoimmune concept and explaining its hereditability. The genomic profiling of this condition has led to the discovery of numerous genes involved in interleukin signaling and immune-related pathways. The spectrum of disease manifestations is not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, and a significant number of studies have considered the possible association between CD and neoplasms. Patients with CD are found to be at increased risk of developing malignancies, with a particular predisposition of certain types of intestinal cancer, lymphomas, and oropharyngeal cancers. This can be partially explained by common cancer hallmarks present in these patients. The study of gut microbiota, microRNAs, and DNA methylation is evolving to find the any possible missing links between CD and cancer incidence in these patients. However, the literature is extremely mixed and, therefore, our understanding of the biological interplay between CD and cancer remains limited, with significant implications in terms of clinical management and screening protocols. In this review article, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics data on CD and its relation to the most frequent types of neoplasms that may occur in these patients

Optimal Control of Air Conditioning Systems by Means of CO₂ Sensors in Electric Vehicles

Considering the consistent reduction in battery range due to the operation of the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, this study deals with the CO2 measurement inside the cabin of an electric crane and aims to reduce the energy consumption through the control of the air recirculation. A control strategy was defined and tested through an experimental set-up where the presence of a driver was simulated as a source of CO2. The cabin was placed inside a climatic wind tunnel and the benefits of this control strategy on the HVAC system energy consumption were assessed, both in the heating and the cooling modes. In addition, we discussed the optimal position of the CO2 sensor inside the cabin by comparing the results obtained from some sensors placed around the cabin occupant with the ones logged by three sensors in the breathing zone. Finally, an investigation of the uncertainty of the indirect measurement of the leakage flow and its dependence on the number of CO2 sensors installed in the cabin was made through the Monte Carlo method