79 research outputs found
Lâimpact de la culture sur le crĂ©dit, les institutions de financement et le droit de la faillite : quelques rĂ©flexions sur le cas canadien
Un triple clivage caractĂ©rise la sociĂ©tĂ© canadienne : le partage du pouvoir de lĂ©gifĂ©rer entre le niveau fĂ©dĂ©ral et les provinces ; le bijuridisme, avec la prĂ©sence dâune province de droit civil, le QuĂ©bec, parmi des provinces de common law ; et le bilinguisme. En interagissant subtilement avec la culture et les valeurs particuliĂšres du QuĂ©bec et des autres provinces, ces caractĂ©ristiques influencent les conceptions quâont les citoyens du crĂ©dit, des institutions de financement et de la faillite. Ă partir de donnĂ©es statistiques, lâauteur prĂ©sente un aperçu de ses rĂ©flexions sur certaines diffĂ©rences au sein du Canada quant aux habitudes de crĂ©dit et au rĂŽle des institutions financiĂšres. Il estime que les diffĂ©rences de comportement relevĂ©es sâexpliquent non seulement par des motifs juridiques, mais Ă©galement par des aspects historiques et culturels. Ainsi, alors que les rĂšgles juridiques applicables aux banques et Ă la faillite sâappliquent uniformĂ©ment au Canada, les QuĂ©bĂ©cois adoptent des comportements dâĂ©pargne, de recours au crĂ©dit et dâinsolvabilitĂ© diffĂ©rents. Ils utilisent plus frĂ©quemment les coopĂ©ratives de crĂ©dit, dont le fonctionnement repose sur des prĂ©ceptes de solidaritĂ© et dont le mode de contrĂŽle coopĂ©ratif coĂŻncide avec certaines valeurs quĂ©bĂ©coises. Les QuĂ©bĂ©cois connaissent Ă©galement un nombre croissant de faillites, dont la source semble rĂ©sider, comme dans le reste du Canada, dans des transformations dĂ©mographiques et sociales mĂ©langeant droit, culture et valeurs.Three cleavages characterize Canadian society: the division of legislative power between the federal and provincial levels; bijuralism, with the presence of a civil law province, Quebec, among the common law provinces; and bilingualism. In their subtle interactions with the particular culture and values of Quebec and the other provinces, these characteristics influence citizensâ conceptions of credit, lending institutions, and bankruptcy. Using statistical data as a starting point, the author presents his reflections upon certain differences in Canada relating to credit patterns and the role of lending institutions. He hypothesizes that these differences in behaviour can be explained not only by legal motives, but equally historical and cultural factors.Thus, while the regulations concerning banks and bankruptcy apply uniformly across Canada, the QuĂ©bĂ©cois adopt distinct habits related to savings, the use of credit, and insolvency. They make more frequent use of credit unions, institutions that base their operations on the precepts of solidarity and use a model of cooperative control, which coincides with certain provincial values. The QuĂ©bĂ©cois also experience a growing number of bankruptcies, whose source seems to lie, as in the rest of Canada, in demographic and social transformations that mix the law, culture, and values
La régulation du marché des valeurs mobiliÚres au moyen de normes de portée générale : les leçons de l'affaire Ainsley
Une dĂ©cision d'un tribunal ontarien a amenĂ© une rĂ©vision complĂšte du pouvoir de l'Ontario Securities Commission d'exercer ses fonctions de rĂ©gulation au moyen de normes de portĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rale. Dans le prĂ©sent article, l'auteur revoit les principes de droit administratif permettant de qualifier les normes de ce type Ă©laborĂ©es par les organismes de rĂ©gulation Ă©conomique et, aprĂšs avoir dĂ©crit les rĂ©formes survenues en Ontario, il Ă©value la pertinence d'apporter les mĂȘmes changements au fonctionnement de la Commission des valeurs mobiliĂšres du QuĂ©bec.Following a court ruling which declared policy statements issued by the Ontario Securities Commission to be ultra vires, the Ontario Securities Act was amended to give regulatory power to the Commission, thereby laying down a clear legal basis for the adoption of such statements. This article examines the principle in administrative law under which various norms issued by administrative agencies can be qualified and distinguished. The purpose is to evaluate the adequacy of changes that occurred in O.S.C. powers and to determine if the Quebec Securities Act should be amended to a similar extent
Online Mutual Foreground Segmentation for Multispectral Stereo Videos
The segmentation of video sequences into foreground and background regions is
a low-level process commonly used in video content analysis and smart
surveillance applications. Using a multispectral camera setup can improve this
process by providing more diverse data to help identify objects despite adverse
imaging conditions. The registration of several data sources is however not
trivial if the appearance of objects produced by each sensor differs
substantially. This problem is further complicated when parallax effects cannot
be ignored when using close-range stereo pairs. In this work, we present a new
method to simultaneously tackle multispectral segmentation and stereo
registration. Using an iterative procedure, we estimate the labeling result for
one problem using the provisional result of the other. Our approach is based on
the alternating minimization of two energy functions that are linked through
the use of dynamic priors. We rely on the integration of shape and appearance
cues to find proper multispectral correspondences, and to properly segment
objects in low contrast regions. We also formulate our model as a frame
processing pipeline using higher order terms to improve the temporal coherence
of our results. Our method is evaluated under different configurations on
multiple multispectral datasets, and our implementation is available online.Comment: Preprint accepted for publication in IJCV (December 2018
Successful early percutaneous closure of acute ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction with Amplatzer ventricular septal occluder
Acute ventricular septal rupture - ventricular septal defect (VSD) following acute myocardial
infarction remains a critical condition. We present an 80 year-old patient with an acute VSD
following an acute inferior myocardial infarction. Percutaneous VSD closure with an
Amplatzer ventricular septal occluder (AVSO) was performed successfully, two days after
initial admission. In-hospital follow-up was uneventful.
We speculate that percutaneous VSD closure with an AVSO can be an alternative to surgical
correction for these patients. Despite the impressive result, this innovative approach needs
further investigation and refinements before it can be recommended as the treatment of choice
for acute ischemic VSD. (Cardiol J 2007; 14: 411-414
Dynamiques sectorielles et relations du travail : le cas de lâindustrie quĂ©bĂ©coise de la construction
Depuis 1968, les relations du travail dans lâindustrie quĂ©bĂ©coise de la construction font lâobjet dâun encadrement institutionnel unique au monde. LâintĂ©gration dâĂ©lĂ©ments issus du rĂ©gime gĂ©nĂ©ral de rapports collectifs du travail ainsi que de celui dâextension juridique des conventions collectives a permis au lĂ©gislateur de rĂ©duire et dâencadrer certains conflits inhĂ©rents Ă lâactivitĂ© productive propre Ă cette industrie ainsi quâĂ lâaction collective des salariĂ©s de la construction. Ce rĂ©gime de relations du travail fait aujourdâhui lâobjet dâune dĂ©rĂšglementation progressive qui soulĂšve certaines questions quant Ă lâavenir de la paix industrielle dans ce secteur nĂ©vralgique de lâĂ©conomie quĂ©bĂ©coise.En plus dâoffrir une prĂ©sentation synthĂ©tique de ce rĂ©gime particulier et de son Ă©volution, lâĂ©tude de ce cas permet de montrer la pertinence dâune Ă©tude sectorielle des problĂšmes du travail et de lâemploi ainsi que des solutions Ă©laborĂ©es pour rĂ©soudre ceux-ci, lâapproche sectorielle permettant dâenvisager de nombreuses problĂ©matiques qui transcendent la rĂ©alitĂ© des milieux de travail individuels.Since 1968, labour relations in Quebecâs construction industry have been regulated by a unique legal framework. By integrating elements of the general labour relations regime and of the act on judicial extension of collective agreements, legislators reduced some conflicts associated with this industry and construction workersâ collective action. The progressive deregulation of this labour relations regime raises some questions about the future of industrial peace in this key sector of Quebecâs economy.The author presents an overview of this labour relations regime and of its evolution. The study of this case also reveals the relevance of industry studies for the research on labour and employment problems. Indeed, some issues transcend what is experienced at the level of individual workplaces and can only be grasped on a sectorial scale
Reproducible Evaluation of Pan-Tilt-Zoom Tracking
Tracking with a Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) camera has been a research topic in
computer vision for many years. However, it is very difficult to assess the
progress that has been made on this topic because there is no standard
evaluation methodology. The difficulty in evaluating PTZ tracking algorithms
arises from their dynamic nature. In contrast to other forms of tracking, PTZ
tracking involves both locating the target in the image and controlling the
motors of the camera to aim it so that the target stays in its field of view.
This type of tracking can only be performed online. In this paper, we propose a
new evaluation framework based on a virtual PTZ camera. With this framework,
tracking scenarios do not change for each experiment and we are able to
replicate online PTZ camera control and behavior including camera positioning
delays, tracker processing delays, and numerical zoom. We tested our evaluation
framework with the Camshift tracker to show its viability and to establish
baseline results.Comment: This is an extended version of the 2015 ICIP paper "Reproducible
Evaluation of Pan-Tilt-Zoom Tracking
Strange bedfellows? Attitudes toward minority religious symbols in the public sphere
In this study, we contend that distinguishing individuals who support bans on minority religious symbols from those who want to ban all religious symbols improves our understanding of the roots of opposition to minority religious symbols in the public sphere. We hypothesize that both groups are likely driven by markedly different motivations and that opposition to the presence of minority religious symbols in the public sphere may be the result of an alliance between âstrange bedfellows,â clusters of individuals whose political outlooks usually bring them to opposite sides of political debates. Drawing on a survey conducted in the province of Quebec (Canada), we find that while holding liberal values and low religiosity are key characteristics of those who would ban all religious symbols, feelings of cultural threat and generalized prejudice are central characteristics of those who would only restrict minority religious symbols. Negative attitudes specifically toward Muslims, however, also appear to motivate both groups
Ethnic minority belonging in a multilevel political community:The role of exclusionary experiences and welcoming provincial contexts in Canada
Numerous studies demonstrate that immigrant and ethnic minority populationsâ sense of belonging to the political communities in which they reside depends in part on the welcoming context: the constellation of policies, discourses, identities and prevailing attitudes relating to ethnocultural diversity in those political communities. However, while these studies typically focus on national belonging, in multilevel political communities belonging may be expressed at the national and subnational levels. Relying on a survey of ethnic minority group members in Canada, this study compares national and subnational belonging in three provinces where subnational and national welcoming contexts are very similar, to one case, Quebec, where the subnational welcoming context is significantly different from the national one. The results show a distinctive set of dynamics in Quebec, where ethnic minorities who feel excluded are more likely than those in other provinces to hold the subnational community responsible for their exclusion.</p
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