60 research outputs found
A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata) : 9. The family Heteroderidae Filip'ev and Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata) : 11. List of generic and supra-generic taxa, with their junior synonyms
Prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients planned for elective surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Introduction: Vulnerable or âfrailâ patients are susceptible to the development of delirium
when exposed to triggers such as surgical procedures. Once delirium occurs, interventions
have little effect on severity or duration, emphasizing the importance of primary prevention.
This review provides an overview of interventions to prevent postoperative delirium in
elderly patients undergoing elective surgery.
Methods: A literature search was conducted in March 2018. Randomized controlled trials
(RCTs) and before-and-after studies on interventions with potential effects on postoperative
delirium in elderly surgical patients were included. Acute admission, planned ICU admission, and cardiac patients were excluded. Full texts were reviewed, and quality was assessed
by two independent reviewers. Primary outcome was the incidence of delirium. Secondary
outcomes were severity and duration of delirium. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated
for incidences of delirium where similar intervention techniques were used.
Results: Thirty-one RCTs and four before-and-after studies were included for analysis. In 19
studies, intervention decreased the incidences of postoperative delirium. Severity was
reduced in three out of nine studies which reported severity of delirium. Duration was
reduced in three out of six studies. Pooled analysis showed a significant reduction in delirium
incidence for dexmedetomidine treatment, and bispectral index (BIS)-guided anaesthesia.
Based on sensitivity analyses, by leaving out studies with a high risk of bias, multicomponent
interventions and antipsychotics can also significantly reduce the incidence of delirium.
Conclusion: Multicomponent interventions, the use of antipsychotics, BIS-guidance, and
dexmedetomidine treatment can successfully reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium
in elderly patients undergoing elective, non-cardiac surgery. However, present studies are
heterogeneous, and high-quality studies are scarce. Future studies should add these preventive methods to already existing multimodal and multidisciplinary interventions to tackle as
many precipitating factors as possible, starting in the pre-admission period
Modulation of vaccine-induced immune responses to hepatitis C virus in rhesus macaques by altering priming before adenovirus boosting
BACKGROUND:
Preventive and therapeutic vaccine strategies aimed at controlling hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection should mimic the immune responses observed in patients who control or clear HCV, specifically T helper (Th) type 1 and CD8+ cell responses to multiple antigens, including nonstructural protein (NS) 3. Given the experience with human immunodeficiency virus, the best candidates for this are based on DNA prime, pox, or adenovirus boost regimens.
METHODS:
In rhesus macaques, we compared NS3-expressing DNA prime and adenovirus boost strategy with 2 alternative priming approaches aimed at modifying Th1 and CD8+ responses: DNA adjuvanted with interleukin (IL)-2- and -12-encoding plasmids or Semliki Forest virus (SFV).
RESULTS:
All prime-boost regimens elicited NS3-specific B and T cell responses in rhesus macaques, including CD8+ responses. SFV priming induced higher lymphoproliferation and longer Th1 memory responses. The use of IL-2- and IL-12-expressing vectors resulted in reduced Th2 and antibody responses, which led to increased Th1 skewing but not to an increase in the magnitude of the IFN- gamma and CD8+ responses.
CONCLUSIONS:
All strategies induced Th1 cellular responses to HCV NS3, with fine modulations depending on the different priming approaches. When they are developed for more HCV antigens, these strategies could be beneficial in therapeutic vaccine approaches
Genomic Selection Accuracy using Multifamily Prediction Models in a Wheat Breeding Program
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
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Light dark sectors through the Fermion portal
Abstract: Pairs of Standard Model fermions form dimension-3 singlet operators that can couple to new dark sector states. This âfermion portalâ is to be contrasted with the lower-dimensional Higgs, vector and neutrino singlet portals. We characterise its distinct phenomenology and place effective field theory bounds on this framework, focusing on the case of fermion portals to a pair of light dark sector fermions. We obtain current and projected limits on the dimension-6 effective operator scale from a variety of meson decay experiments, missing energy and long-lived particle searches at colliders, as well as astrophysical and cosmological bounds. The DarkEFT public code is made available for recasting these limits, which we illustrate with various examples including an integrated- out heavy dark photon
Recommended from our members
Light dark sectors through the Fermion portal
Abstract: Pairs of Standard Model fermions form dimension-3 singlet operators that can couple to new dark sector states. This âfermion portalâ is to be contrasted with the lower-dimensional Higgs, vector and neutrino singlet portals. We characterise its distinct phenomenology and place effective field theory bounds on this framework, focusing on the case of fermion portals to a pair of light dark sector fermions. We obtain current and projected limits on the dimension-6 effective operator scale from a variety of meson decay experiments, missing energy and long-lived particle searches at colliders, as well as astrophysical and cosmological bounds. The DarkEFT public code is made available for recasting these limits, which we illustrate with various examples including an integrated- out heavy dark photon
Recommended from our members
Light dark sectors through the Fermion portal
Abstract: Pairs of Standard Model fermions form dimension-3 singlet operators that can couple to new dark sector states. This âfermion portalâ is to be contrasted with the lower-dimensional Higgs, vector and neutrino singlet portals. We characterise its distinct phenomenology and place effective field theory bounds on this framework, focusing on the case of fermion portals to a pair of light dark sector fermions. We obtain current and projected limits on the dimension-6 effective operator scale from a variety of meson decay experiments, missing energy and long-lived particle searches at colliders, as well as astrophysical and cosmological bounds. The DarkEFT public code is made available for recasting these limits, which we illustrate with various examples including an integrated- out heavy dark photon
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