Development of Emission to Air in Central Europe

Present state of air quality is determined according to emission and imission situation of basic pollutants. According to obtained information about the state of air quality the development of imission and emission has at the present time decreasing tendency caused especially by industrial production innovations in European countries, with slight rises renewable energy sources for electricity production, but especially the effort to improve the condition relates to the use of mandatory quotas and pollution charges in the European Union. The aim of the this article is the review of emission development in the year 1998 up to 2013 for Central European countries - Slovakia, Czech Republic and Poland and their comparison to the European average value of released emission. As pollutants were evaluated NOx and particulate matter PM10, PM2,5, which in the last few years contaminate the air and in particular the main environment

Analysis and Balance of Phosphorous Removal from Wastewater at Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant

Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of Ptot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day