Sediment Accumulation Profile in Mangrove Restoration Area of Lembar Bay-lombok Island

Mangrove restoration is really needed for restoring its ecosystem functions, so that it could be able to support fisheries activity and to protect coastal by extreme weather. In addition, mangrove is able to accumulate sediment that important in protecting the coastal area from sea level rise. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate sediment accumulation rate in mangrove area during post restoration. Sampling location were divided into three different stations based on estimated restoration ages, such as ≥ 15 years old (Station 1), 4 - 10 years old (Station 2) and 2 - 8 years old (Station 3). Sediment cores were carried out by inserting 7.6 cm diameter and 100 cm length of polyvinyl chloride pipes. Sedimentation rate is measured by using Pb-210 radionuclide analysis. The results show that the sediment accumulation rate in the last 20th years from all station ranges from 0.17 to 0.42 g/cm2/year. The highest accumulation rate is found at oldest year old station while the lowest accumulation rate is found at younger year old station of mangrove restoration area. Restoration process is clearly able to recover the mangrove\u27s role in trapping sediment in coastal region

Kandungan Logam Esensial Tembaga (Cu) Di Lingkaran Tahun Karang Porites Lutea Dari Perairan Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu Malang

Sempu Island is a nature reserve that has fringing reef with percentage of living coral cover almost constant 37% from 2009 to 2016. Coral massive Porites lutea in this area has a growth rate about 1.09 cm/yr. in average and almost similar with others. Coral massive growth rate can be monitor through their skeletal annual banding. They have two type annual banding, low density for slow growth coral skeletal and high density for fast growth rate of coral skeletal. In this banding coral can record any environmental condition such as sea water temperature, tides and heavy metal. The aim of this research was to know the concentration of copper in Sempu Island Nature Reserve in the past used ICP-OES. The result showed that the Cu concentration in P. lutea skeletal band from 2009-2016 were: 5.213; 6.403; 5.825; 6.511; 6.132; 6.403; 6.467; 6.22 mg/kg. The coral skeletal can absorb the pollutant for hundred years, and it will give important information for palaeo environment that can used for climate modelling in the future

From Voluntary Principles to Binding Precedent: The African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa comes into Force

Large-scale displacement of people has become a defining characteristic of Africa. Unlike refugees, the legal framework for protection of internally displaced persons in Africa like many parts of the world have just evolved.  The idea to protect this category of persons within the region have not attracted the much attention that it deserves despite the truism that in Africa internally displaced persons outnumber refugees. The burden of offering protection to internally displaced persons have been left within the shoulders of national government on the ground that they remains within the borders of their own states  who in rare if not in all cases have no municipal law to cater for their welfare. Worse still, in the case of Africa, no specialized institution exists to cater for this class of her citizens as intervention in most cases are Ad- hoc in nature coupled with the attendant highly fragmented response. This paper assesses the emerging/evolving trend of legal protection for internally displaced persons in Africa especially with the coming into force of the regional framework- Kampala Convention for the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons in Africa which imposes expanded obligations on states beyond the traditional horizon.  The paper apart from tracing briefly the antecedents of the Kampala convention also delved into monumental and unprecedented advancements that have been made in it which has now become realistic and profound with its entry into force. Keywords: Africa Union, Internally Displaced Persons, Refugees, Kampala Conventio

Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Kurma (Phoenix Dactylifera) dan Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa) sebagai Nefroprotektor terhadap Tikus yang di Induksi Paracetamol

Penggunaan paracetamol dalam jangka panjang dapat membentuk senyawa NAPQI (N-asetil-p-benzokuinon) yang berasal dari hasil metabolisme parasetamol yang tidak dapat berikatan dengan reseptor sehingga dapat menyebabkan radikal bebas dan bersifat toksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak buah mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) dan ekstrak buah kurma (Phoenix dactylifera) sebagai nefroprotektor. Untuk menguji efektivitas digunakan tikus yang di induksi paracetamol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak buah mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) dan ekstrak buah kurma (Phoenix dactylifera) memiliki efektivitas sebagai nefroprotektor dengan buah mahkota dewa lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan buah kurma