Power loss and electromagnetic energy density in a dispersive metamaterial medium

The power loss and electromagnetic energy density of a metamaterial consisting of arrays of wires and split-ring resonators (SRRs) are investigated. We show that a field energy density formula can be derived consistently from both the electrodynamic (ED) approach and the equivalent circuit (EC) approach. The derivations are based on the knowledge of the dynamical equations of the electric and magnetic dipoles in the medium and the correct form of the power loss. We discuss the role of power loss in determining the form of energy density and explain why the power loss should be identified first in the ED derivation. When the power loss is negligible and the field is harmonic, our energy density formula reduces to the result of Landau's classical formula. For the general case with finite power loss, our investigation resolves the apparent contradiction between the previous results derived by the EC and ED approaches.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Remission of obesity among a nationally representative sample of US children

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147066/1/ijpo12457.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147066/2/ijpo12457_am.pd

In vitro mutagenesis of Cymbidium La bell “Anna Belle” by γ-rays irradiation and oligochitosan interaction

The optimum media for multiplication of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) and shoot buds of Cymbidium La bell “Anna Belle” were studied in order to prepare the in vitro samples for irradiation. The values of LD50 (lethal dose of 50% samples) of PLBs, shoot buds and plantlets of tested Cymbidium after cultivation of 4 months were also determined about 35.0, 41.0 and 83.1 Gy, respectively. The addition of oligochitosan played as an very important trigger for promotion on the generation of shoot bud from PLBs after irradiation. The in vitro variations have been generated by γ-rays irradiation of PLBs with doses in range of 20 - 50 Gy. The highest mutant frequency (3.83‰) of C. La bell was found by the irradiation of PLB samples at 30 Gy. The different properties of obtained in vitro variations compared to wild types were found to be chlorophyll, short leaves, long leaves, and violet pericardium variations. The genetic relationships among generated variant lines in M1V4 and wild type were analyzed using RAPD techniques

Invariant tori and boundedness of solutions of non-smooth oscillators with Lebesgue integrable forcing term

Since Littlewood works in the 1960's, the boundedness of solutions of Duffing-type equations $\ddot{x}+g(x)=p(t)$ has been extensively investigated. More recently, some researches have focused on the family of non-smooth forced oscillators $\ddot{x}+\text{sgn}(x)=p(t)$, mainly because it represents a simple limit scenario of Duffing-type equations for when $g$ is bounded. Here, we provide a simple proof for the boundedness of solutions of the non-smooth forced oscillator in the case that the forcing term $p(t)$ is a $T$-periodic Lebesgue integrable function with vanishing average. We reach this result by constructing a sequence of invariant tori whose union of their interiors covers all the $(t,x,\dot x)$-space, $(t,x,\dot{x})\in \mathbb{S}^1\times\mathbb{R}^2$

The Case Record of Ba-Yu-Quan Anchor Slab Retaining Wall

Anchor slab retaining wall is a kind of retaining structure, which consists of prefabricated rib-columns, panel slabs, tie-bars and anchor slabs embedded in earth fill. Since the structure was first used and developed in China in 1974, many such structure have been built on railways and other engineering projects. The reviewer of Second International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering gave a comments about this structure as follows: Chinese method anchor slab the construction should interest the western world . Ba-Yu-Quan anchor slab retaining wall has been instrumented to measure the load on the tie-bar, the horizontal displacement of the rib-columns, the horizontal earth pressure acting at the panel slabs, and the backfill settlement at different positions. This paper presents project description, construction of the project, data obtained from field observations and the comparison result with analysis and predicted values

Computationally Derived Points of Fragility of a Human Cascade Are Consistent with Current Therapeutic Strategies

The role that mechanistic mathematical modeling and systems biology will play in molecular medicine and clinical development remains uncertain. In this study, mathematical modeling and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the working hypothesis that mechanistic models of human cascades, despite model uncertainty, can be computationally screened for points of fragility, and that these sensitive mechanisms could serve as therapeutic targets. We tested our working hypothesis by screening a model of the well-studied coagulation cascade, developed and validated from literature. The predicted sensitive mechanisms were then compared with the treatment literature. The model, composed of 92 proteins and 148 protein–protein interactions, was validated using 21 published datasets generated from two different quiescent in vitro coagulation models. Simulated platelet activation and thrombin generation profiles in the presence and absence of natural anticoagulants were consistent with measured values, with a mean correlation of 0.87 across all trials. Overall state sensitivity coefficients, which measure the robustness or fragility of a given mechanism, were calculated using a Monte Carlo strategy. In the absence of anticoagulants, fluid and surface phase factor X/activated factor X (fX/FXa) activity and thrombin-mediated platelet activation were found to be fragile, while fIX/FIXa and fVIII/FVIIIa activation and activity were robust. Both anti-fX/FXa and direct thrombin inhibitors are important classes of anticoagulants; for example, anti-fX/FXa inhibitors have FDA approval for the prevention of venous thromboembolism following surgical intervention and as an initial treatment for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence is reviewed supporting the prediction that fIX/FIXa activity is robust. When taken together, these results support our working hypothesis that computationally derived points of fragility of human relevant cascades could be used as a rational basis for target selection despite model uncertainty