An integrated method for net-shape manufacturing components combining 3D additive manufacturing and compressive forming processes

Additive manufactured (AM) or 3D printed metallic components suffer poor and inconsistent mechanical properties due to the presence of a large number of micro-voids, residual stress and microstructure inhomogeneity. To overcome these problems, a new forming process has been proposed, which effectively combines AM and compressive forming. The aim of this study is to prove the feasibility of this newly proposed method by providing preliminary results. Thus, we compared the tensile performance of hot-forged additive manufactured stainless steel 316L samples to none-hot-forged additive manufactured ones. Significant improvement in mechanical properties has been found in the tensile tests as well hardness test. In addition, our EBSD characterized grain orientation maps at each stage of the process revealed the corresponding microstructure revolution which provides insights into underlying mechanistic

Application of GGBFS and Bentonite to Auto-Healing Cracks of Cement Paste

Cracks are caused by many factors. Shrinkage and external loading are the most common reason. It becomes a problem when the ingression of aggressive and harmful substance penetrates to the concrete gap. This problem reduces the durability of the structures. It is well known that self – healing of cracks significantly improves the durability of the concrete structure. This paper presents self-healing cracks of cement paste containing bentonite associated with ground granulated blast furnace slag. The self-healing properties were evaluated with four parameters: crack width on the surface, crack depth, tensile strength recovery, and flexural recovery. In combination with microscopic observation, a healing process over time is also performed. The results show that bentonite improves the healing properties, in terms of surface crack width and crack depth. On the other hand, GGBFS could also improve the healing process, in terms of crack depth, direst tensile recovery, and flexural stiffness recovery. Carbonation reaction is believed as the main mechanism, which contributes the self-healing process as well as the continuous hydration progress

State-Relevant Maxwell's Equation from Kaluza-Klein Theory

We study a five-dimensional perfect fluid coupled with Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravity. By dimensional reduction, a modified form of Maxwell's equation is obtained, which is relevant to the equation of state of the source. Since the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the 3-dimensional formulation are widely used to study space matter, we derive the modified Maxwell's equations and relativistic MHD in 3+1 form. We then take an ideal Fermi gas as an example to study the modified effect, which can be visible under high density or high energy condition, while the traditional Maxwell's equation can be regarded as a result in the low density and low temperature limit. We also indicate the possibility to test the state-relevant effect of KK theory in a telluric laboratory.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; version published in PR

Poincar\'{e} cycle of a multibox Ehrenfest urn model with directed transport

We propose a generalized Ehrenfest urn model of many urns arranged periodically along a circle. The evolution of the urn model system is governed by a directed stochastic operation. Method for solving an $N$-ball, $M$-urn problem of this model is presented. The evolution of the system is studied in detail. We find that the average number of balls in a certain urn oscillates several times before it reaches a stationary value. This behavior seems to be a peculiar feature of this directed urn model. We also calculate the Poincar\'{e} cycle, i.e., the average time interval required for the system to return to its initial configuration. The result can be easily understood by counting the total number of all possible microstates of the system.Comment: 10 pages revtex file with 7 eps figure

Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Induction in Adults Who Received Kidney Transplants from Living Unrelated Donors and Received Cyclosporine‐Based Immunosuppression

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90167/1/phco.29.10.1166.pd

Relationship between Grazing Jaw Movements and Time Per Bite in Cattle: Effect of Sward Structure and Grazing Methods

The time per bite is the result of the interaction between mouth morphology, animal behaviour and sward structure (Laca et al. 1994). The time per bite increases with bite mass (Laca et al. 1994), but it has a constant component that is the time required to open and close the jaws, namely, the time required for one jaw movement (Hirata et al. 2010, Newman et al. 1994). In this experiment we tested the hypothesis that the time per jaw movement will remain constant independently of sward structure and grazing method

Effects of processing techniques on oxidative stability of <em>Prunus pedunculatus</em> seed oil

This paper investigated the effects of Prunus pedunculatus (P. pedunculatus) seed pre-treatment, including microwaving (M), roasting (R), steaming (S) and roasting plus steaming (RS) on crude oil quality in terms of yield, color change, fatty acid composition, and oxidative stability. The results showed an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid content and oxidative stability of the oils obtained from different processing treatments compared to the oil obtained from raw seeds (RW) without processing. The oils, obtained from pretreated seeds, had higher conjugated diene (CD) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (2-TBA) values, compared to that obtained from RW when stored in a Schaal oven at 65 °C for 168 h. However, polyphenol and tocopherol contents decreased in all oil samples, processed or unprocessed. The effect of pre-treating the seeds was more prominent in the oil sample obtained through the RS technique, and showed higher oxidative stability than the other processed oils and the oil from RW