125,225 research outputs found
Phenomenological Analysis of and Elastic Scattering Data in the Impact Parameter Space
We use an almost model-independent analytical parameterization for and
elastic scattering data to analyze the eikonal, profile, and
inelastic overlap functions in the impact parameter space. Error propagation in
the fit parameters allows estimations of uncertainty regions, improving the
geometrical description of the hadron-hadron interaction. Several predictions
are shown and, in particular, the prediction for inelastic overlap
function at TeV shows the saturation of the Froissart-Martin
bound at LHC energies.Comment: 15 pages, 16 figure
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Studies on Temperature and Strain Sensitivities of a Few-mode Critical Wavelength Fiber Optic Sensor
This paper studied the relationship between the temperature/strain wavelength sensitivity of a fiber optic in-line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) sensor and the wavelength separation of the measured wavelength to the critical wavelength (CWL) in a CWL-existed interference spectrum formed by interference between LP01 and LP02 modes. The in-line MZI fiber optic sensor has been constructed by splicing a section of specially designed few-mode fiber (FMF), which support LP01 and LP02 modes propagating in the fiber, between two pieces of single mode fiber. The propagation constant difference, Δβ, between the LP01 and LP02 modes, changes non-monotonously with wavelength and reaches a maximum at the CWL. As a result, in sensor operation, peaks on the different sides of the CWL then shift in opposite directions, and the associated temperature/strain sensitivities increase significantly when the measured wavelength points become close to the CWL, from both sides of the CWL. A theoretical analysis carried out has predicted that with this specified FMF sensor approach, the temperature/strain wavelength sensitivities are governed by the wavelength difference between the measured wavelength and the CWL. This conclusion was seen to agree well with the experimental results obtained. Combining the wavelength shifts of the peaks and the CWL in the transmission spectrum of the SFS structure, this study has shown that this approach forms the basis of effective designs of high sensitivity sensors for multi-parameter detection and offering a large measurement range to satisfy the requirements needed for better industrial measurements
Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows: Effects of Radiative Corrections and Nonuniformity of the Surrounding Medium
The afterglow of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is commonly thought to be due to
continuous deceleration of a relativistically expanding fireball in the
surrounding medium. Assuming that the expansion of the fireball is adiabatic
and that the density of the medium is a power-law function of shock radius,
viz., , we analytically study the effects of the
first-order radiative correction and the nonuniformity of the medium on a GRB
afterglow. We first derive a new relation among the observed time, the shock
radius and the fireball's Lorentz factor: , and
also derive a new relation among the comoving time, the shock radius and the
fireball's Lorentz factor: . We next study the
evolution of the fireball by using the analytic solution of Blandford and McKee
(1976). The radiation losses may not significantly influence this evolution. We
further derive new scaling laws both between the X-ray flux and observed time
and between the optical flux and observed time. We use these scaling laws to
discuss the afterglows of GRB 970228 and GRB 970616, and find that if the
spectral index of the electron distribution is , implied from the
spectra of GRBs, the X-ray afterglow of GRB970616 is well fitted by assuming
.Comment: 17 pages, no figures, Latex file, MNRAS in pres
The origin of biological macromolecules on the earth. The hypothesis of inorganic template
Studies about the origin of life are reviewed. The nonrandom organization of organelles is discussed from a structural and functional point of view. After postulating that the origin of biomacromolecules was not a random event, the paper develops the hypothesis that polypeptides and polynucleotides were formed on an inorganic template. Only information-containing structures can pass natural selection and develop through evolution
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