398 research outputs found
Improving End-to-End Speech Processing by Efficient Text Data Utilization with Latent Synthesis
Training a high performance end-to-end speech (E2E) processing model requires
an enormous amount of labeled speech data, especially in the era of
data-centric artificial intelligence. However, labeled speech data are usually
scarcer and more expensive for collection, compared to textual data. We propose
Latent Synthesis (LaSyn), an efficient textual data utilization framework for
E2E speech processing models. We train a latent synthesizer to convert textual
data into an intermediate latent representation of a pre-trained speech model.
These pseudo acoustic representations of textual data augment acoustic data for
model training. We evaluate LaSyn on low-resource automatic speech recognition
(ASR) and spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks. For ASR, LaSyn improves an
E2E baseline trained on LibriSpeech train-clean-100, with relative word error
rate reductions over 22.3% on different test sets. For SLU, LaSyn improves our
E2E baseline by absolute 4.1% for intent classification accuracy and 3.8% for
slot filling SLU-F1 on SLURP, and absolute 4.49% and 2.25% for exact match (EM)
and EM-Tree accuracies on STOP respectively. With fewer parameters, the results
of LaSyn are competitive to published state-of-the-art works. The results
demonstrate the quality of the augmented training data.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 8 tables, Accepted to EMNLP 2023 Finding
Fermi Surface and Band Renormalization in (Sr,K)FeAs Superconductor from Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
High resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements have been carried
out on (Sr,K)FeAs superconductor (Tc=21 K). Three hole-like Fermi
surface sheets are clearly resolved for the first time around the Gamma point.
The overall electronic structure shows significant difference from the band
structure calculations. Qualitative agreement between the measured and
calculated band structure is realized by assuming a chemical potential shift of
-0.2 eV. The obvious band renormalization suggests the importance of electron
correlation in understanding the electronic structure of the Fe-based
compounds.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Oral Administration of Escin Inhibits Acute Inflammation and Reduces Intestinal Mucosal Injury in Animal Models
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of escin on acute inflammation and intestinal mucosal injury in animal models. The effects of escin on carrageenan-induced paw edema in a rat model of acute inflammation, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced intestinal mucosal injury in a mouse model, were observed. It was shown that oral administration of escin inhibits carrageenan-induced paw edema and decreases the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2. In CLP model, low dose of escin ameliorates endotoxin induced liver injury and intestinal mucosal injury and increases the expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 in mice. These findings suggest that escin effectively inhibits acute inflammation and reduces intestinal mucosal injury in animal models
Monotonic d-wave Superconducting Gap in Optimally-Doped BiSrLaCuO Superconductor by Laser-Based Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
The momentum and temperature dependence of the superconducting gap and
pseudogap in optimally-doped BiSrLaCuO superconductor
is investigated by super-high resolution laser-based angle-resolved
photoemission spectroscopy. The measured energy gap in the superconducting
state exhibits a standard {\it d}-wave form. Pseudogap opens above T over a
large portion of the Fermi surface with a "Fermi arc" formed near the nodal
region. In the region outside of the "Fermi arc", the pseudogap has the similar
magnitude and momentum dependence as the gap in the superconducting state which
changes little with temperature and shows no abrupt change across T. These
observations indicate that the pseudogap and superconducting gap are closely
related and favor the picture that the pseudogap is a precursor to the
superconducting gap.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Design and Evaluation of a Smooth-Locking-Based Customizable Prosthetic Knee Joint
Limb loss affects many people from a variety of backgrounds around the world. The most advanced commercially available prostheses for transfemoral amputees are fully active (powered) designs but remain very expensive and unavailable in the developing world. Consequently, improvements of low-cost, passive prostheses have been made to provide high-quality rehabilitation to amputees of any background. This study explores the design and evaluation of a smooth-locking-based bionic knee joint to replicate the swing phase of the human gait cycle. The two-part design was based on the condyle geometry of the interface between the femur and tibia obtained from magnetic resonance (MR) images of the human subject, while springs were used to replace the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. A flexible four-bar linkage mechanism was successfully achieved to provide not only rotation along a variable instantaneous axis but also slight translation in the sagittal plane, similar to the anatomical knee. We systematically evaluated the effects of different spring configurations in terms of stiffness, position, and relaxion length on knee flexion angles during walking. A good replication of the swing phase was achieved by relatively high stiffness and increased relaxation length of springs. The stance phase of the gait cycle was improved compared to some models but remained relatively flat, where further verification should be conducted. In addition, 3D printing technique provides a convenient design and manufacturing process, making the prosthesis customizable for different individuals based on subject-specific modeling of the amputee’s knee
Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton
collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against
a boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and
transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range . The
data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy
of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb. Triple
differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum
fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also
measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent
fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the
measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into
the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb
public pages
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