Dyonic (A)dS Black Holes in Einstein-Born-Infeld Theory in Diverse Dimensions

We study Einstein-Born-Infeld gravity and construct the dyonic (A)dS planar black holes in general even dimensions, that carry both the electric charge and magnetic fluxes along the planar space. In four dimensions, the solution can be constructed with also spherical and hyperbolic topologies. We study the black hole thermodynamics and obtain the first law. We also classify the singularity structure.Comment: Latex, 21 pages, typos corrected and references adde

Scale Invariance vs. Conformal Invariance: Holographic Two-Point Functions in Horndeski Gravity

We consider Einstein-Horndeski gravity with a negative bare constant as a holographic model to investigate whether a scale invariant quantum field theory can exist without the full conformal invariance. Einstein-Horndeski gravity can admit two different AdS vacua. One is conformal, and the holographic two-point functions of the boundary energy-momentum tensor are the same as the ones obtained in Einstein gravity. The other AdS vacuum, which arises at some critical point of the coupling constants, preserves the scale invariance but not the special conformal invariance due to the logarithmic radial dependence of the Horndeski scalar. In addition to the transverse and traceless graviton modes, the theory admits an additional trace/scalar mode in the scale invariant vacuum. We obtain the two-point functions of the corresponding boundary operators. We find that the trace/scalar mode gives rise to an non-vanishing two-point function, which distinguishes the scale invariant theory from the conformal theory. The two-point function vanishes in $d=2$, where the full conformal symmetry is restored. Our results indicate the strongly coupled scale invariant unitary quantum field theory may exist in $d\ge 3$ without the full conformal symmetry. The operator that is dual to the bulk trace/scalar mode however violates the dominant energy condition.Comment: Latex, 28 pages, comments and references adde

Godel Universe from String Theory

G\"odel universe is a direct product of a line and a three-dimensional spacetime we call G$_\alpha$. In this paper, we show that the G\"odel metrics can arise as exact solutions in Einstein-Maxwell-Axion, Einstein-Proca-Axion, or Freedman-Schwarz gauged supergravity theories. The last allows us to embed G\"odel universe in string theory. The ten-dimensional spacetime is a direct product of a line and the nine-dimensional one of an $S^3\times S^3$ bundle over G$_\alpha$, and it can be interpreted as some decoupling limit of the rotating D1/D5/D5 intersection. For some appropriate parameter choice, the nine-dimensional metric becomes an AdS$_3\times S^3$ bundle over squashed 3-sphere. We also study the properties of the G\"odel black holes that are constructed from the double Wick rotations of the G\"odel metrics.Comment: latex, 20 pages, discussion on null-energy condition included, typos corrected and references adde

Godel Metrics with Chronology Protection in Horndeski Gravities

G\"odel universe, one of the most interesting exact solutions predicted by General Relativity, describes a homogeneous rotating universe containing naked closed time-like curves (CTCs). It was shown that such CTCs are the consequence of the null energy condition in General Relativity. In this paper, we show that the G\"odel-type metrics with chronology protection can emerge in Einstein-Horndeski gravity. We construct such exact solutions also in Einstein-Horndeski-Maxwell and Einstein-Horndeski-Proca theories.Comment: Latex, 11 pages, references adde

Spin transport properties of a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads with noncollinear magnetizations

A correct general formula for the spin current through an interacting quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads with magnetization at an arbitrary angle $\theta$ is derived within the framework of the Keldysh formalism. Under asymmetric conditions, the spin current component J_{z} may change sign for $0<\theta<\pi$. It is shown that the spin current and spin tunneling magnetoresistance exhibit different angle dependence in the free and Coulomb blockade regimes. In the latter case, the competition of spin precession and the spin-valve effect could lead to an anomaly in the angle dependence of the spin current.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; some parts of the text has been revised in this version accepted by J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Impact of transport electrification on critical metal sustainability with a focus on the heavy-duty segment

The majority of transport electrification studies, examining the demand and sustainability of critical metals, have focused on light-duty vehicles. Heavy-duty vehicles have often been excluded from the research scope due to their smaller vehicle stock and slower pace of electrification. This study fills this research gap by evaluating the lithium resource impacts from electrification of the heavy-duty segment at the global level. Our results show that a mass electrification of the heavy-duty segment on top of the light-duty segment would substantially increase the lithium demand and impose further strain on the global lithium supply. The significant impact is attributed to the large single-vehicle battery capacity required by heavy-duty vehicles and the expected battery replacement needed within the lifetime of heavy-duty vehicles. We suggest that the ambition of mass electrification in the heavy-duty segment should be treated with cautions for both policy makers and entrepreneurs

Transfer Learning using Computational Intelligence: A Survey

Abstract Transfer learning aims to provide a framework to utilize previously-acquired knowledge to solve new but similar problems much more quickly and effectively. In contrast to classical machine learning methods, transfer learning methods exploit the knowledge accumulated from data in auxiliary domains to facilitate predictive modeling consisting of different data patterns in the current domain. To improve the performance of existing transfer learning methods and handle the knowledge transfer process in real-world systems, ..

An empirical investigation of construction and demolition waste generation rates in Shenzhen city, South China

The construction and demolition waste generation rates (CandD WGRs) is an important factor in decision-making and management of material waste in any construction site. The present study investigated WGRs by conducting on-site waste sorting and weighing in four ongoing construction projects in Shenzhen city of South China. The results revealed that WGRs ranged from 3.275 to 8.791kg/m(2) and miscellaneous waste, timber for formwork and falsework, and concrete were the three largest components amongst the generated waste. Based on the WGRs derived from the research, the paper also discussed the main causes of waste in the construction industry and attempted to connect waste generation with specific construction practices. It was recommended that measures mainly including performing waste sorting at source, employing skilful workers, uploading and storing materials properly, promoting waste management capacity, replacing current timber formwork with metal formwork and launching an incentive reward program to encourage waste reduction could be potential solutions to reducing current WGRs in Shenzhen. Although these results were derived from a relatively small sample and so cannot justifiably be generalized, they do however add to the body of knowledge that is currently available for understanding the status of the art of CandD waste management in China.postprin

Cosmological Time Crystals From Einstein-Cubic Gravities

By including appropriate Riemman cubic invariants, we find that the dynamics of classical time crystals can be straightforwardly realized in Einstein gravity on the FLRW metric. The time reflection symmetry is spontaneously broken in the two vacua with the same scale factor $a$, but opposite $\dot a$. The tunneling from one vacuum to the other provides a robust mechanism for bounce universes; it always occurs for systems with positive energy density. For suitable matter energy-momentum tensor we also construct cyclic universes. Cosmological solutions that resemble the classical time crystals can be constructed in massive gravity.Comment: Latex, 11 page