Stratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous Trinity Deposits of Central Texas

UT Librarie

Acknowledgments

The work of the editor of this volume has consisted of planning the work, soliciting papers, and contributing data. Only the unfailing courtesy and generous assistance of all contributors have made the completion of the strenuous task possible in the time allotted

Foreword

This volume is the result of the efforts of the East Texas Geological Society to prepare a symposium on the Woodbine sand, the information gathered to be presented at the society\u27s field trip

Stratigraphic Notes on the Maness (Comanche Cretaceous) Shale

In 1941, the writer was advised of the opinions of T. L. Bailey, F. G. Evans, W. S. Adkins, and other geologists of the Shell Oil Company on the stratigraphic position of the uppermost Comanche shale unit recognized in the subsurface of eastern Texas. Their studies pointed to the conclusion that this unit, now known as the Maness shale, is (1) stratigraphically younger than the subsurface Del Rio (or Grayson) shale with which it usually had been correlated, and (2) conformably overlies the Buda limestone, at this date generally misidentified as the Georgetown limestone. An investigation of the controversial sequence was made, and the confirmatory lithologic and paleontologic results, based on cores from two wells, were summarized in abstract form (Lozo, 1944) and later reported by Bailey, Evans, and Adkins (1945). A manuscript prepared by the writer in 1944 indicated the desirability of gathering additional stratigraphic information, in order better to segregate vagaries, speculation, and errors or mistakes from the rather meager factual data on hand at this date. Intermittent attention to this task has been applied and many early questions have increased in scope. It is hoped that the status of the writer\u27s investigations here reported will stimulate others toward additional study

Cellulose nanocrystals coating – A novel paper coating for use in the graphic industry

The rising concern about the impact of printing material on the environment is pushing the graphic industry to turn towards the use of materials derived from abundant, renewable resources. The end-result of this process would be a replacement of conventional printing materials that are often derived from unsustainable resources. The aim of this study was the application of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) coating as a novel type of sustainable coating that might eliminate use of synthetic coatings. The selected coating was prepared from cellulose nanocrystals suspension that was derived from cellulose fibrils on the laboratory scale. The coating formulation examined in this paper was not yet used on the industrial scale. Experimental research was carried out in the form of preliminary laboratory tests for offset printing application using IGT test methods of ink transfer and set-off. Paper coated with cellulose nanocrystals was used as a printing substrate, while vegetable oil-based ink was used as a printing ink in order to stay in line with environmentally preferred choice of printing materials. The results indicated an increase in surface gloss on paper coated with cellulose nanocrystals, as well as in print gloss on printed paper coated with cellulose nanocrystals. The downside of cellulose nanocrystals coating was the prolonged drying time of ink. Further research should be dedicated to improving cellulose nanocrystals coating as the formulation used in this study caused undesirable cockling and waviness on selected paper grade

Contrasting motivational orientation and evaluative coding accounts: on the need to differentiate the effectors of approach/avoidance responses

Several emotion theorists suggest that valenced stimuli automatically trigger motivational orientations and thereby facilitate corresponding behavior. Positive stimuli were thought to activate approach motivational circuits which in turn primed approach-related behavioral tendencies whereas negative stimuli were supposed to activate avoidance motivational circuits so that avoidance-related behavioral tendencies were primed (motivational orientation account). However, recent research suggests that typically observed affective stimulus response compatibility phenomena might be entirely explained in terms of theories accounting for mechanisms of general action control instead of assuming motivational orientations to mediate the effects (evaluative coding account). In what follows, we explore to what extent this notion is applicable. We present literature suggesting that evaluative coding mechanisms indeed influence a wide variety of affective stimulus response compatibility phenomena. However, the evaluative coding account does not seem to be sufficient to explain affective S-R compatibility effects. Instead, several studies provide clear evidence in favor of the motivational orientation account that seems to operate independently of evaluative coding mechanisms. Implications for theoretical developments and future research designs are discussed

Stratigraphy of the Woodbine and Eagle Ford, Waco Area, Texas

In the last twenty years, very little detailed stratigraphy of this area has been published. Meanwhile there have been significant advances in this field: the aims of modern stratigraphic research have been somewhat clarified; much new information pertinent to the stratigraphy of this area has been accumulated from the study of other areas; and a considerable amount of detailed information on the surface and subsurface geology of this area has come to light as a result of detailed outcrop work, extensive drilling of oil tests and water wells, and new techniques of bore-hole logging. The scope of this work is mainly the study of beds located near the Lower-Upper Cretaceous boundary, from the Lower Washita to the base of the Austin chalk. This includes very detailed investigations of the Upper Washita beds and the Woodbine and Eagle Ford groups. The lithologic division and the fossil zonation of these strata are outlined, isopach and boundary maps of the various units presented, and the outcrop is tied into the subsurface. It is hoped that these results throw light on the division, definition, zonation, and stratigraphic behavior of both the Woodbine and the Eagle Ford in this area

Dominant lactic acid bacteria in artisanal Pirot cheeses of different ripening period

U ovom radu su ispitivana dva sira od svežeg kravljeg mleka različitog perioda zrenja. Sirevi su uzeti iz seoskog domaćinstva u regionu Stare Planine, a proizvedeni su bez dodatka starter kulture. Iz oba sira je izolovano ukupno 106 sojeva bakterija mlečne kiseline. Sojevi su testirani klasičnim fiziološkim i API 50 CH testovima. Takođe je ispitivana proteolitička i antimikrobna aktivnost. Identifikacija bakterija mlečne kiseline je rađena rep-PCR analizom sa (GTG)5 prajmerom. Osam vrsta bakterije mlečne kiseline je izolavano iz sira BGPT9 starog četiri dana (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans i Leuconostoc garlicum), dok su u siru BGPT10 starom osam meseci bile prisutne samo dve vrste (Lactobacillus plantarum i Enterococcus faecium). Proteolitičku aktivnost je pokazalo 30 izolata iz sira BGPT9, uglavnom enterokoke. Samo jedan izolat iz sira BGPT10 (koji je pripadao vrsti Lactobacillus plantarum) je posedovao delimičnu sposobnost da hidrolizuje β- kazein. Sedam enterokoka iz sira BGPT9 i četiri enterokoke iz sira BGPT10 je proizvodilo antimikrobne substance.In this study two raw cow's milk cheeses of a different ripening period were examined. The cheeses were taken from a country household in the region of mountain Stara Planina and manufactured without adding of starter culture. A total 106 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from both cheeses. They are tested by classical physiological tests as well as by API 50 CH tests. Proteolytic and antimicrobial activities were done too. Identification of LAB isolates was done by repetitive extragenic palindromic-polimerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with (GTG)5 primer. The LAB isolates from cheese BGPT9 (four days old) belonged to the eight species of LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans and Leuconostoc garlicum), while in the BGPT10 cheese (eight months old) only two species were present (Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium). Proteolytic activity showed 30 LAB from BGPT9 cheese, mainly enterococci. From BGPT10 cheese only one isolate (which belonged to the Lactobacillus plantarum species) possessed partial ability to hydrolyze β-casein. Seven enterococci from BGPT9 cheese and four enterococci from BGPT10 cheese produced antimicrobial compounds