Perfil da demanda dos usuários da clínica da família e da UPA em área com 100 % de cobertura de atenção primária

Introdução: A Clínica da Família (CF) tem como papel ofertar ações e serviços primários, sendo a porta de entrada preferencial do cidadão ao serviço de saúde. As Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) são definidas como unidades de atuação intermediária entre a atenção primária e a rede hospitalar, e devem compor com estes uma rede articulada de atenção às urgências. No entanto, em áreas onde a cobertura da saúde da família alcança a totalidade da população, podem ocorrer sobreposições de atuação entre estas duas modalidades de oferta de serviços. Objetivos: avaliar o perfil da demanda dos usuários da CF Maria do Socorro Silva e Souza e da UPA localizadas na Rocinha no Rio de Janeiro e comparar a satisfação dos usuários atendidos nestas unidades. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, com entrevistas estruturadas aos usuários. Utilizou-se uma amostra de conveniência, composta por 248 usuários que aguardavam em sala de espera em 3 diferentes turnos de atendimento, sendo 162 da CF e 86 da UPA. Resultados: houve predomínio de sexo feminino tanto na CF quanto na UPA (80,2% e 69,8%), e idade entre 20 a 39 anos (45,5% e 58,1%). 88,3% dos usuários da CF e 47,7% da UPA sabem a equipe a qual pertencem. O relato de visita domiciliar do ACS e do médico/enfermeiro foi respectivamente de 78,4% e 59,9% na CF e de 45,4% e 43,0% na UPA. Dois terços dos usuários da CF são frequentadores assíduos da unidade com utilização maior ou igual a 3 vezes. Dentre os entrevistados da CF e UPA que já utilizaram os dois serviços (70,4% e 54,7%), foi analisada a satisfação com diferentes aspectos do serviço, tendo maioria preferida a CF, exceto em um aspecto. Conclusões: em ambas as unidades predominam a demanda do sexo feminino; na UPA a demanda do sexo masculino era um pouco maior e mais jovem. Não foi observado predomínio de condições de urgência que sobrepassariam a capacidade resolutiva das equipes de saúde da família, existindo acentuada sobreposição de ações entre as duas unidades. Na população entrevistada a satisfação foi maior com a CF do que com a UPA. Descritores: Saúde da Família; Serviços Médicos de Emergência; Perfil de Saúde

Unveiling the effects of berenil, a DNA-binding drug, on Trypanosoma cruzi: implications for kDNA ultrastructure and replication.

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, exhibits a single mitochondrion with an enlarged portion termed kinetoplast. This unique structure harbors the mitochondrial DNA (kDNA), composed of interlocked molecules: minicircles and maxicircles. kDNA is a hallmark of kinetoplastids and for this reason constitutes a valuable target in chemotherapeutic and cell biology studies. In the present work, we analyzed the effects of berenil, a minor-groove-binding agent that acts preferentially at the kDNA, thereby affecting cell proliferation, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial activity of T. cruzi epimastigote form. Our results showed that berenil promoted a reduction on parasite growth when high concentrations were used; however, cell viability was not affected. This compound caused significant changes in kDNA arrangement, including the appearance of membrane profiles in the network and electron-lucent areas in the kinetoplast matrix, but nuclear ultrastructure was not modified. The use of the TdT technique, which specifically labels DNA, conjugated to atomic force microscopy analysis indicates that berenil prevents the minicircle decatenation of the network, thus impairing DNA replication and culminating in the appearance of dyskinetoplastic cells. Alterations in the kinetoplast network may be associated with kDNA lesions, as suggested by the quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique. Furthermore, parasites treated with berenil presented higher levels of reactive oxygen species and a slight decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption. Taken together, our results reveal that this DNA-binding drug mainly affects kDNA topology and replication, reinforcing the idea that the kinetoplast represents a potential target for chemotherapy against trypanosomatids

Effects of phenobarbital on bone repair and biomechanics in rats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morphological effects of phenobarbital treatment on new bone formation and on bone marrow biomechanics in Wistar rats. METHODS: We used ten rats that were divided into two groups: control (CT) and phenobarbital (FE). The FE group received daily doses of phenobarbital 0.035 ml / kg intramuscularly for 60 days. The CT group received the same dose and route of administration of 0.9% saline solution. After 30 days, we introduced a bone defect in the parietal bone and implanted porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) in cavities in the tibia. After surgery, we continued the protocols until the end of 60 days when the rats were euthanized, and the bones were collected. RESULTS: The volume of bone formed around HAP in parietal defect and biomechanical findings were lower in animals receiving FE compared to CT. CONCLUSION: Prolonged use of phenobarbital interferes with bone repair after injury, decreasing the osseointegration of HAP implants and making bones less resistant.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos morfológicos do tratamento com fenobarbital, sobre a neoformação óssea e sobre a biomecânica óssea do osso de ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dez ratos divididos em dois grupos: controle (CT) e fenobarbital (FE). O grupo FE recebeu doses diárias de fenobarbital 0,035 ml/kg via intramuscular, por 60 dias. O grupo CT recebeu a mesma dose e via de administração de solução fisiológica 0,9%. Após 30 dias, foi realizada uma falha óssea no osso parietal e implantada a hidroxiapatita porosa (HAP) em cavidades nas tíbias. Após as cirurgias, manteve os respectivos protocolos até completar 60 dias e serem eutanasiados, sendo os ossos coletados. RESULTADOS: O volume de osso formado ao redor HAP na falha parietal e os achados biomecânicos foram menores nos animais do grupo FE em relação ao CT. CONCLUSÃO: O uso prolongado do fenobarbital interfere no reparo ósseo após lesões, diminui a osseointegração de implantes de HAP e torna os ossos menos resistentes.OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos morfológicos del tratamiento con fenobarbital, sobre la neoformación ósea y sobre la biomecánica ósea del hueso de ratas Wistar. MÉTODOS: Fueron utilizadas diez ratas divididas en dos grupos: control (CT) y fenobarbital (FE). El grupo FE recibió dosis diarias de fenobarbital 0,035 ml/kg vía intramuscular, por 60 días. El grupo CT recibió la misma dosis y vía de administración de solución fisiológica 0,9%. Después de 30 días, se realizó una falla ósea en el hueso parietal e implantó la hidroxiapatita porosa (HAP) en cavidades en las tibias. Después de las cirugías, se mantuvo los respectivos protocolos hasta completar 60 días y de ser eutanasiados, siendo recolectados los huesos. RESULTADOS: El volumen de hueso formado alrededor HAP en la falla parietal y los hallazgos biomecánicos fueron menores en los animales del grupo FE en relación al CT. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso prolongado del fenobarbital interfiere en la reparación ósea después de lesiones, disminuye la óseointegración de implantes de HAP y vuelve a los huesos menos resistentes.79479

DEMAND PROFILE OF USERS OF CLINICAL FAMILY AND UPA IN THE AREA WITH 100% COVERAGE OF PRIMARY CARE

Introduction: The Family Clinic (CF) has the role of offering shares and primary services, with the preferred gateway to the national health service. The Emergency Care Units (UPA) are defined as units of intermediate acting between primary care and hospital network, and should form a network with these articulated attention to the emergency room. However, in areas where coverage family health reaches the entire population, overlapping activities between these two modes of supply of services may occur. Objectives: To assess the demand profile of the users of CF Maria do Socorro Silva e Souza and UPA located in Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro and compare the satisfaction of the trainees in these units. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study with structured interviews with users. We used a convenience sample consisting of 248 users who were waiting in the waiting room in 3 different shifts of care, 62 of the CF and 86 of UPA. Results: There was a predominance of females in both CF and in UPA (80.2% and 69.8%) and aged 20-39 years (45.5% and 58.1%). 88.3% of users of CF and 47.7% of the UPA, the team knows they belong. Reports of home visits by ACS and physician / nurse was respectively 78.4% and 59.9% in CF and 45.4% and 43.0% in the UPA. Two-thirds of users of CF are regulars unit with greater than or equal to 3 times use. Among the respondents of CF and UPA who have used both services (70.4% and 54.7%), was analyzed satisfaction with different aspects of service, most preferred the CF except in one respect. Conclusions: In both units the demand females predominate; UPA on demand male was a little bigger and younger. Not prevalence of urgent conditions that sobrepassariam resolving capacity of family health teams, existing shares substantial overlap between the two units was observed. In the interviewed population satisfaction was higher with CF than with the UPA

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data